The Islam-Judaism Clash of Civilizations Essay -- Palestinians Israeli

On the streets of Jerusalem, in the rubble of Ramallah, in synagogues, in mosques, in the hearts and minds of millions in the Gaza Strip, the westside Bank, and the remainder of Israel, Israelis and Palestinians are locked in a clash of civilizations. In his masterful work, The Clash of Civilizations, Samuel L. Huntington outlines a theory which approaches international politics on the scale of civilizations. However, he circumvents discussion about Israel. Huntington cautiously describes Israel as a non-Western (Huntington 90) country, but identifies the Palestinian-Israeli conflict as one along a fault line between civilizations (267). though he chooses to avoid the issue, Huntingtons theory provides a groundwork for analyzing the conflict in Israel in terms of a clash of civilizations between Judaism and Islam. This is a dicey and provocative idea. But if we dare examine its implications and explore its insights, we risk a more complete understanding of the conflict which has p lagued relations between Palestinians and Israelis in particular, Muslim countries and Israel in general, for over fifty years.Let us begin with a discussion about Judaisms status as a civilization. This is a super contentious claim which Huntington himself questions With the creation of Israel, Jews have all the objective accoutrements of a civilization religion, language, customs, literature, institutions, and a territorial and political home. But what about subjective acknowledgment? Jews living in other cultures have distributed themselves along a continuum stretching from total identification with Judaism and Israel to nominal Judaism and full identification with the civilization within which they reside, the latter, however, occurr... ...ited States. merely the rational actor model fails. Islam transcends strategic, economic, and political rationalism. So the next time you catch yourself saying that the barbarity, longevity and popularity of the conflict against Israel def ies reason, hold your tongue. Islam has traditionally kept its withdrawnness from Enlightenment ideas. Works CitedCleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press, 2000.Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York Simon & Shuster Inc., 1997.Kaplan, Mordecai M. Judaism as a Civilization. New York Schocken Books, 1934. Stoessinger, tin can George. Why Nations Go to War, 8th Edition. San Diego, CA Thomson Wadsworth 2001.The Avalon Project Hamas Covenant 1988. Yale. Web. 19 Mar. 2015 .

Imagery Depicted Through T.S. Eliots The Hollow Men Essay -- essays r

The imagery depicted in T.S. Eliots poem "The Hollow Men" evokes a experience of desolate hopelessness and lends to Eliots generally cynical view of civilization during this period in history. A reaction of deep and profound disappointment in human being around him is made evident in this stark work, first published in 1925. In this short piece, Eliot enumerates several deep faults he finds in his fellowman, including hypocrisy, unfeelingness and indifference, and leaves the reader with a feeling of overwhelming emptiness. An important feature of this poem is the fact that the narration of the poem is in first person. This establishes Eliots and the readers relationship to the images and ideas presented. When the poem begins "We are the hollow men" rather than "They are ..." or "You are..." the reader is immediately included somehow in this description, along with Eliot himself. This type of narration creates a sensation of common "hollowness " and by the end of the poem, therefore, a sense of common responsibility and guilt. Early in the poem, Eliot creates a world of desolation. The idea of dryness is stress by the repetition of the word "dry" in the first stanza, where we read of "dried voices," "dry grass" and "dry cellar." When he mentions the sound of "rats feet over disquieted glass" he succinctly and subtly prods at our anxieties about urban disease and decay, showing us a sort of fle...

Elie Wiesel :: essays research papers

Near the end of Elie Wiesels time in the ingress camps, Wiesel began to questionmany things. He had questioned G-d, not because he believed in him so much, but because he almost had no belief left. He also questioned himself when thoughts of going away his father came to mind. Had Wiesel left his father, life would surely have been easier for him to survive. But through bring out all these immoral thoughts going through his head, he had done well to will them. (87) His time in the Holocaust left him questioning G-d many times. Wiesel went from a religious young man to a near atheist adult by the end of his torturous time at the camps. Wiesel felt that G-d was powerless and silent during the Holocaust. G-d wasnt going to save anyone this time. The only people who were going to get out of this alive were the ones who were physically and mentally strong enough. Wiesel was lucky enough to be one of the very few who made it out to tell his story. However, he exempt watched as his moth er and sister were taken away to the crematory and his father smashd in his bed. Wiesels weakest point mentally was when he heard that Rabbi Eliahoos countersign abandoned him during the death march from Buna. He also heard that a nameless electric razor beat his father to death for a small set apart of bread. It was there an then that he gave minor consideration to getting rid of his father. It is the brutality of the entire Holocaust that led Rabbi Eliahoos son and the unnamed child to do such things to their fathers. A father/son bond is one of the strongest bonds known to man. But, for both children, their own survival came first. Eventually, Wiesel was forced to make the same winning of decision. He had taken some of his fathers food during the last couple of nights he was living because he knew that he would most likely die anyway. He gave up hope on his father just like the others.

A Comparison of East of Eden and Candide :: compare and contrast essay examples

East of Eden and Candide   In the midst of 80s nostalgia and remembering the greatness that was this decade, I dont want readers to think that children of the 80s, are oblivious to great, classic literature and todays current events. Recently, I have read two incredibly amazing books. Furthermore, I have noticed or so interesting parallels. The first is East of Eden by John Steinbeck. This novel is an unbelievably grandiose recreation of the Book of Genesis.   Salinas County is depicted as a office staff of incredible purity and innocence, in which people have simple values and work hard to sustain them. In contrast, there is Monterrey, a seedy, dirty, yet piquant town filled with brothels, bars, factories, and ports. Some sort of warped destiny once joined Mr. Trask to Kate, the union of good and evil. As a result, she gives birth to twins, Aaron and Caleb. Both Mr. Trask and Aaron be all that is good, whereas Kate and Cal embody all that is evil.   Cal often goes to Monterrey, and upon finding out that his mother is still alive as well as being the head of the near prestigious brothel in town, he seeks her out. After repeatedly being underestimated and rejected by his father, Cal decides that the ultimate revenge will be to take his comrade Aaron to meet his mother. He was right? Upon hearing the news, Mr. Trask has a stroke, and Cal feels incredibly guilty.   The last few chapters of this book compose the most intense writing or probably even the most intense experiences that I have ever had. Lee, the familys loyal servant, repeatedly notes a passage in the Bible, in which it is made clear that whatever individual, regardless of past experiences or trauma, has a choice in life. The fact that humans have the ability to always make this crucial choice and part a superior rational is what sets us apart from other species. Even though Mr. Trask is virtually a vegetable and at the brink of death, Lee begs that he show some sign that he has forgiven his son Cal or the cycle will not be broken. Cal will continue to be a fretful rogue, who feels unloved and has no direction. This simple idea is extended through and endless number of pages. I have never read so fast and mute so much in my entire life, not that my life is really that long yet.

the bell jar :: essays research papers

The book The Bell Jar by Silvia Plath was different from other books assigned through-out my time at high school. Most of the other books, including for example Of Mice and Men, Lord of the Flies, and The Heart of darkness were stories about mostly men and how they altogether turned against from each one other in some counsel and acted like animals instead of humans, and in the end of all of them someone dies. The book The Bell Jar though is without a doubt my favorite so far because it is about a female and about all the pressures of everyday life that run through her head. This is something that I potful relate to because I too think about some of these same worries such a as virginity, looks, and morals to name a few. I am claiming that the theme or the meaning of this book is that in order to stay sane in this world, you cant let the pressures and worries run your actions and decisions and your life or else you will not be able to function. I feel that this is what happened to Esther. I think that these pressures to Esther are what set her over the edge and made her think the way that she did and made her think that something was wrong with her.Sylvia Plath describeed a lot of meaning in this book. The main idea and meaning that she, as a writer, was trying to portray to the reader, is to understand how the worries, burdens, and pressures of being a young, mature adult are enough to put someone, like Esther in a depression so deep that it gives the put-on to the reader that she is insane and not in touch with reality. I believe that it is a matter of her being depressed and not of her being insane because of all that is on her mind she cant think clearly which makes her seem insane because if the strange things that she talks of such as not being able to sopor or eat, or even write. I think that the author did a very good job of making her seem depressed to the point of lunacy because of how she Esther feel like she wasnt sleeping when really she w as sleeping for hours upon hours when she was put into the institutions. At an earlier

The Importance of The Bill of Rights in Society Today Essay -- The Bill

When the Second Constitutional Convention wrote the Constitution in 1787, there was a controversy amidst the federalists and the anti-federalists surrounding whether or not to have a Bill of Rights. The anti-federalists claimed that a bill of rights was needed that listed the guaranteed rights that the government could never take away from a individual i.e. inalienable rights. A Bill of Rights was eventually deemed necessary, and has worked for over 210 years. There atomic number 18 many reasons why the ten amendments are still valid to this day, and the best examples are the First Amendment, concerning the freedom of religion, the Fifth Amendment, and the Sixth Amendment.The Amendment I of the Bill of Rights is often called the freedom of speech. It provides a multitude of freedoms of religion, of speech, of the press, to peacefully assemble, to petition the government. Religious freedom is vitally important to this day because it eliminates the problem of religious conflicts. Hi storically, many people died for their beliefs because their government only allowed and permitted one religion. T...

The Importance of The Bill of Rights in Society Today Essay -- The Bill

When the Second Constitutional Convention wrote the Constitution in 1787, there was a controversy between the federalists and the anti-federalists surrounding whether or not to have a Bill of Rights. The anti-federalists claimed that a bill of rights was needed that listed the guaranteed rights that the government could never make full away from a person i.e. inalienable rights. A Bill of Rights was eventually deemed necessary, and has worked for over 210 years. There are many reasons why the ten amendments are compose valid to this day, and the best examples are the First Amendment, concerning the freedom of religion, the Fifth Amendment, and the Sixth Amendment.The Amendment I of the Bill of Rights is often called the freedom of speech. It provides a multitude of freedoms of religion, of speech, of the press, to peacefully assemble, to supplicant the government. Religious freedom is vitally important to this day because it eliminates the problem of religious conflicts. Historic ally, many people died for their beliefs because their government only allowed and permitted one religion. T...

Beattie noted in his history paper Essay

Shakespeare died over 400 years ago. So, Hiram inserted a quote by Shakespeare from the play Hamlet into an essay without using quotation tag or citing the prolongation.I disagree that the essay was not sourced and no questionsmarks were used when the quote was inserted. If you do not cite a quote that was copied from a text, even if the author has died, this was being considered plagiarism. If you would have paraphrased the quote that would be difference because you are taking pieces of the quote and putting the rest in your own words.Beattie far-famed in his history write up the fact that representatives from the 13 British colonies signed the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776, but he did not cite a source for the information.I disagree that Beattie did not cite the source. Consider that he noted a fact that the British colonies signed the Declaration in the year 1776. He mentions the year of when the Declaration was signed, so this should be cited. When taking notes about the American Revolution.Sara found a quote of Benjamin Franklins words, which she paraphrased. She inserted it into her paper without quotation marks or a reference to Benjamin Franklin.I disagree that Sara did not cite her paper. When paraphrasing if you state the author and the year, a source should be cited. Jeffery wrote a paper on popular music in which he claimed that many birdsongs came from earlier sources. He included the entire song lyrics from the Beatles and compared them to the lyrics of a song by a folk utterer from the 1930s. He cited the Beatles. Although he included the lyrics from the 1930 song, he did not include a reference to the source. I agree that Jeffrey cited the singer of the song lyrics.I disagree that he did not reference the source.Whenever you site a source from a textbook you should include a reference page. The reference gives you all the information on where you have found your information.

Network Case Study Essay

1. Which of the future(a) is true about a transmission control protocol/IP network? A) The network uses entirely standards defined in transmission control protocol/IP RFCs. 2. Which of the following terms is not a common synonym for TCP/IP model? (Choose two answers.) D) TCP/IP mapping and C) Ethernet 3. Think generically about the idea of a networking standard, ignoring any particular standard or standards assort. Which of the following is typically true of a standard? (Choose two answers.) B) It exists as a deployed network device, which people can visit on the Internet. C) It has been passed through some form of review and approval or certification process. 4. Contrast an international standard as comp ard to a de facto standard. (Choose two answers.) B) International standard documents have been reviewed more thoroughly. D) International standards typically mean that the standards group has been authorized by many countries to create standards that apply to multiple countries. 5. Which of the following be true about the commonly used version of the TCP/IP model as shown in this chapter? (Choose two answers.) C) The physical stage sits just below the selective information link layer. D). The network layer sits in the middle of the quint layers.6. The TCP/IP model refers to standards other than those the IETF defines in RFCs. Which of these standards groups is typically the source of external LAN standards? (Choose two answers.) A) ITU B) IEEE 7. Which of the following is not a typical motive for a group of ten companies to start a vendor group, for the purpose of pushing a new networking technology? C) To improve the chances that the technology will be standardized 8. The TCP/IP and OSI models have some obvious differences, like the number of layers. Think about the more commonly used version of the TCP/IP model discussed in this chapter, and then think about how to talk about TCP/IP using OSI terms. Which of the following is a correctly phrased bidd ing for how to use OSI terminology? B) IP is a network layer protocol. 9. Historically, which of the following models were the earliest models used in corporate networks? A) Vendor models 10. Which of the following statements is true when analyse the OSI and the TCP/IP model as defined in RFC 1122? B) The lower four layers of TCP/IP define the same kinds of functions as the matching layer numbers from OSI.11. A network engineer connects two PCs (PC1 and PC2) using Ethernet NICs and an Ethernet cable that has copper wires inside. The two PCs communicate successfully. Which ofthe following happens when PC1 sends bits to PC2? D)PC1 converts the bits to sound waves, and the NIC uses an A/D convertor to send the entropy over the cable. 12. A TCP/IP network includes an Ethernet LAN with 10 PCs uses a LAN switch. PC1 sends data intended for an app running on PC2. Which of the following mechanisms does Ethernet define so that PC2 receives and processes the data? A)The Ethernet header lis ts PC2s MAC address so that PC2 will realize that the data is meant for PC2. 13. Two network pros are having a conversation about some issues in a network. They discuss some issues related to how PPP forwards data, so they happen to be discussing the data structure that includes the PPP header and trailer. Which of the following terms do they use? B) Packet14. Which of the following are true facts about IP addresses? (Choose two answers.) C) are listed in the data-link trailer D) Used by routers to make a forwarding decision 15. Which of the following answers is true about Ethernet MAC addresses? A) 48 bits in continuance C) Are listed in the data-link trailer 16. Which of the following statements is true comparing LANs and WANs? (Choose two answers.) A) LANs generally connect devices that are nearer to each other, compared to WANs. D) LANs are purchased, and WANs are leased. 17. Which of the following answers list true facts about the data link layer of TCP/IP? (Choose two answe rs.) B) Two TCP/IP data-link protocols are Ethernet and PPP. C) Data-link protocols define addresses that key out devices connected to the underlying physical link. 18. Which of the following answers list true facts about the network layer of TCP/IP? (Choose two answers.) B) The two primary protocols are TCP and IP. C) IP provides logical addressing and routing services19. Which of the following answers lists true facts about the transport layer of TCP/IP? B) The two primary protocol options are TCP and IP. C) TCP provides error recovery services to application layer protocols that use TCP. 20. A PC user opens a web browser and sends a request to a web server to load a new web page. Three routers forward the data as it passes from client to server. Consider the data plus all headers and trailers that go from the web client to the web server. Which of the following headers go all the way from the web client to the web server? (Choose trey answers.) A)Data-link header B) Network lay er header C) Transport layer header

Hershey Foods Corporation Essay

Suggested Discussion Questions3. Based on your valuation of HFC, do you feel it was fairly valued by the market ahead the announcement of the sale? Are the NestleCadbury Schweppes and Wrigley bids fair to their own shareholders (i.e., what needs to happen in order for these bids to create value for the bidding companies)? I conceptualise that Hersheys Foods Corporation was fairly valued by the market before the announcement of the sale. I think that many of the shareholders were non happy with the selling because it fasten into the community. I think the shareholders knew that it was a good idea because they would make more money and be able to diversify the company from their sale. I do not think that Nestle-Cadbury Scweppes and Wrigley bids are fare to their shareholders because I do not think that they are getting as much say as they should within the company. In order for these bids to create more value for the bidding companies I believe the company needs to diversify. I thi nk their best option would be origin buy. This would allow the to have less stocks outstanding and make the company more profitable.Final Case Exam Questions1. What is the nature of Wrigleys business? Is this a healthy, maturement company? What would a major recapitalization of Wrigley signal to investors? (15 points)2. What will be the effect of issuing $3 billion in new debt and using the proceeds to repurchase shares on(a)Wrigleys market value per share? (15points) (b)Wrigleys number of outstanding shares (15 points)? (c)Wrigleys hold value and market value of equity (15 points)?3. Would book value and market value weights change as a result of the recapitalization? (10 points)4. What is Wrigleys WACC before the repurchase? (15 points)5. What will be the new WACC if the repurchase is undertaken? (15 points)

Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Mesolithic Art Essay

The earth and the sky factor into Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Mesolithic art and monuments. Paleolithic means Old perdition Age and the art was mainly consisted of paintings in their core outs and genus Venus figurines. Neolithic means New Stone Age and the art was consisted of the Stonehenge, figures, and pottery. Mesolithic means set Stone Age and the art consisted of few pottery, hand tools, and some figurines. In the Old Stone Age, (Paleolithic) their art was consisted of mainly paintings on cave walls. People painted animals because that was what they would see in the dark due to the prolonged while of being in darkness in the caves. They didnt see much sunlight. As time went on, mathematical aspects started to rise from observational astronomy. Some cave paintings became cognise as an determineing of the path the moon takes around the sun.This is known as the ecliptic. The ecliptic lead to the discovery of the zodiac. Stars, moons, and planets in the Paleolithic culture are not the stars, moons and planets of raw time that we know. They are those whose habitat is the Milky Way and the celestial sphere now. Many of these paintings reflected images that were seen in the night sky. Such as the Bison that were painted in cave walls which is known as the Taurus in the zodiac sign today. The significance of their art was the astronomy and mathematical connections they made and how it created what we now know as the zodiac. The New Stone Age began to connect with the earth and the sun more by the use of famous monuments. In the New Stone Age (Neolithic) the race strengthened villages that were built for family, life, and worship. They worshipped many gods, but their beliefs were strongly based on nature. They in like manner built many walls that were used as a defense. The monuments they built was their main mental strain art that had connections to the earth and the sun. They created a giant stone monument that was known as Stonehenge. It was made o ut of earth, timber, and stones. By viewing this monument, it was observed that the Neolithic people had knowledge in architecture, mathematics, and astrology.The Stonehenge was created as an astrological observatory. It is known for this because of the rising and setting of the sun on the summer and winter solstice that can be seen through the monument. It was also considered to possibly have been used as an astronomical calendar. The significance of this monument is how these people had the mathematical and astronomy knowledge to build this in a personal manner to be able to witness amazing views in the sky that come every year. The Middle Stone (Mesolithic) art consisted of mostly pottery and hand tools. During the Middle Stone age, the Mesolithic people made many hand tools because they began to gain more knowledge to be able to farm and capture animals more effectively. They created carved-engraved devise plates. These engraved or painted plates of stones were marked with dot s. These dots were considered to be accurate lunar observations. The interpretation of the markings on many artefacts were considered to be marks that correlate with lunar or solar motion. This showed that the Mesolithic people had some astronomical skills. The significance of these findings show that over time people were gaining skills on astronomy and were creating their observations through the use of art. everyplace time art has changed dramatically. It started off as just paintings on cave walls and lead to massive monuments that are still standing today. There is significance behind all of the art since the Stone Age times. These people from the stone ages used art to express their knowledge in mathematics and astronomy. They used it to better understand the earth, the sky, the sun, and the stars. They not knowingly created what is today the zodiac and proved they didnt need any technology to create an astrological observatory.

Othello Plot Points Essay

Othellos Ensign, hates him cause hes black, wants Cassios job, believes he would be better Cassio- candid Party, gets a job as Othellos Lieutenant, gets into a fight and his stripped of rank, but goes to Desdemonia to try and win back Othellos favour Roderigo- Loves Desdemonia, is persuaded by Iago to sweat to kill Cassio, is murdered by Iago to remain silent (d) Emilia- Married to Iago, gives iago the handkerchief that convinces Othello that Desdemonia and Cassio had a relationship (d) Plot Othello marries Desdemonia in secret. However Roderigo goes to her father and blows their cover. Othello is forced to bear himself from accusations of witchcraft. News of a Turkish invasion of Cyprus reaches Venice, and Othello, with Cassio his new Lieutenant, and Iago, his ensign, are deployed to Cyprus to defend against the Turkish fleet. Desdemonia is allowed to accompany Othello, and Emilia, Iagos wife, accompanies her as her attendant. The enemy fleet is destroyed by a storm.Othello calls for a celebration, during which Iago gets Cassio drunk, who causes a fight. Othello strips him of his rank, and blames him for the disturbance caused by Iago. However, Iago tells Cassio to go to Desdemonia, and convince her to try to plead his case. Whilst Cassio does this, Iago goes to Othello and hints that Cassio and Desdemonia are having an affair. For the rest of the film, Honest Iago controls the actions of the characters, turning Othello against his wife and Roderigo against Cassio so that, at the end of the play, Roderigo attempts to murder Cassio, while Othello smothers his wife after accusing her of betraying him and having an affair with Cassio.Roderigo fails, and after he is identified as Cassios attacker Iago murders him, claiming to wear been overcome with rage, but really silencing to cover his involvement. Othello then murders his wife, however Emilia walks in calls for help. As the truth comes forth, Othello realises his wife was innocent. Iago murders his wife a fter she reveals what he has done. He is then captured and brought before Othello, who stabs him but does not murder him, saying he would prefer Iago live in pain for the rest of his life than die. Othello then kills himself out of guilt at what he has done. Iago is hauled off to be tortured, and Cassio is made Governer of Cyrpus. The end.

3G network based security threats Essay

The key threats for 3G networks in perspective of integration of networks are Wireless LAN customer who does not have get to to 3G networks get coming to 3G services without subscription. WLAN user gains access to 3G network and creates issues such as Denial of Service WLAN user gains access to 3G network and uses impersonation for expend the service but charging other customers. Manipulation of charging when services like calls are transferred from one network to another. Application and Data related threats.Collection of login details and ad hominem details that are transmitted over the network by using sniffing tools and utensils, e extraly when sufficient transport security is not set. Manipulation of information utilize for user authentication or service access to gain access to unauthorised services or manipulation of billing. Extracts personal information that are employ at other places such as credit card information. Obtain information about user such as permanent id entity in the network.Virus attacks from WLAN devices to other devices in the network Trojans and malicious software passed from one end-device to another. For volume based charging model, a rogue partner git ingurgitate the user with garbage packets to increase the invoiced amount. Malicious programs on the user terminal that increases the traffic to certain sites or content to illegally increase the traffic. Security Considerations for 3G-WLAN incorporated Networks. The security framework for 3G-WLAN integrated networks consists of various layers.Each security layer is independent of the other layers. However, there needs to be an overall security stratagem that connects all the security requirements together. Also, since some of the vulnerabilities can happen at multiple layers, a holistic approach and framework is required to address all the risks of the special network. Authentication security at the user terminal. The authentication scheme in the case of 3G-WLAN should be b ased on a challenge response protocol similar to the existing mobile communication authentication scheme.This requires that the authentication details in the user terminal to be stored securely on UICC or SIM card. This should stick out mutual authentication and security mechanisms such EAP. Signalling and User Data Security. The subscriber needs to have the same level of security as the mobile access that is specified for the 3G networks. This means that the WLAN authentication and re-authentication mechanisms must be at the same levels as for 3G USIM based access.It needs to support the maintaining session key stoppage and maintenance. Also the 3G systems should provide the required keys with sufficient length and levels of entropy that are required by the WLAN subsystem. WLAN key agreement, distribution and authentication mechanism should be secure against any attacks by middlemen. The WLAN access technology between the user equipment and the access point/ network should be ab le to utilise the generated session keying material to ensure the integrity of the connection for authentication.Privacy of User Identity. The keys used by 3G AAA function that are used for the generation of short-lived identities that is used for the communication between the network element and the user terminal should not be possible to recover. If it is possible to retrieve the keys, the permanent identity can be derived from any of the temporary identities. Also it should be possible to mask the different temporary identities corresponding to the permanent identity.

Foundation and Empire 16. Conference

When the twenty-seven self-employed person Trading worlds, united only by their distrust of the m different planet of the Foundation, concert an assembly among themselves, and individually is big with a pride handsome of its smallness, hardened by its own insularity and embittered by unfading danger thither be preliminary negotiations to be overcome of a pettiness sufficiently dumbfounding to heartsicken the most persevering.It is nary(prenominal) decent to fix in advance such details as methods of voting, sign of represendation whether by world or by population. These be matters of involved political importance. It is not enough to fix matters of priority at the table, both council and dinner, those are matters of involved social importance.It was the place of collision since that was a matter of overpowering provincialism. And in the end the devious routes of diplomacy led to the world of Radole, which some commentators had suggested at the start for logical reason o f central position.Radole was a small world and, in military potential, mayhap the weakest of the twenty-seven. That, by the way, was another factor in the logic of the choice.It was a ribbon world of which the Galaxy boasts sufficient, however among which, the inhabited variety is a rarity for the physical requirements are difficult to meet. It was a world, in other lyric poem, where the two halves side of meat the monotonous extremes of heat and c doddery, while the region of possible life is the girdling ribbon of the gloam zone.Such a world invariably sounds uninviting to those who pay off not tried it, scarcely at that place exist spots, strategically placed and Radole City was located in such a one.It spread on the soft slopes of the foothills before the hacked-out mountains that backed it along the rim of the cold hemisphere and held off the frightful ice. The warm, ironical air of the sun-half spilled over, and from the mountains was piped the water-and amid the two, Radole City became a continuous garden, swimming in the eonian morning of an eternal June.Each house nestled among its flower garden, open to the fangless elements. Each garden was a horticultural forcing ground, where highlife plants grew in fantastic patterns for the sake of the foreign exchange they brought until Radole had almost become a producing world, rather than a typical Trading world.So, in its way, Radole City was a little point of softness and luxury on a horrible planet a tiny scrap of Eden and that, too, was a factor in the logic of the choice.The strangers came from each of the twenty-six other Trading worlds delegates, wives, secretaries, new(a)smen, ships, and crews and Radoles population nearly doubled and Radoles resources strained themselves to the limit. unrivalled ate at will, and drank at will, and slept not at all.Yet on that point were few among the roisterers who were not intensely aware that all that volume of the Galaxy burnt slowly in a so rt of peacefulness, relaxing war. And of those who were aware, in that location were dime classes. First, there were the homoy who knew little and were very confident.Such as the young shoes pilot who wore the Haven cockade on the clasp of his cap, and who managed, in holding his glass before his eyes, to catch those of the faintly smiling Radolian girl opposite. He was articulateingWe came fight through the war-zone to get here-on purpose. We traveled about a light-minute or so, in neutral, right past Horleggor-Horleggor? broke in a long-legged native, who was playing legions to that particular gathering. Thats where the scuff got the guts outwit out of him perish week, wasnt it?Whered you hear that the scuff got the guts cohere out of him? demanded the pilot, loftily.Foundation radio.Yeah? Well, the mules got Horleggor. We almost ran into a convoy of his ships, and thats where they were coming from. It isnt a gut-beating when you stay where you fought, and the gut-beate r leaves in a hurry.Someone else said in a high, blurred voice, Dont talk wish well that. Foundation unceasingly takes it on the chin for a while. You watch just sit tight and watch. Ol Foundation contends when to come back. And and then pow The thick voice concluded and was succeeded by a bleary grin.Anyway. said the pilot from Haven, after a short pause, As I say, we saw the Mules ships, and they looked pretty good, pretty good. I tell you what they looked new. unsanded? said the native, thought honesty. They build them themselves? He broke a leaf from an overhanging branch, sniffed delicately at it, then crunched it between his teeth, the bruised tissues bleeding greenly and diffusing a minty odor. He said, You trying to tell me they beat Foundation ships with homebuilt jobs? Go on.We saw them, doc. And I depose tell a ship from a comet, too, you bonk.The native leaned close. You know what I think. Listen, dont kid yourself. Wars dont just start by themselves, and we have a bunch of shrewd apples caterpillar track things. They know what theyre doing.The well-unthirsted one said with sudden loudness, You watch ol Foundation. They wait for the last minute, then pow He grinned with vacuously open mouth at the girl, who moved away from him.The Radolian was saying, For instance, old man, you think maybe that this Mule guys running things. No-o-o. And he wagged a finger horizontally. The way I hear it, and from pretty high up, mind you, hes our boy. Were paying(a) him off, and we probably built those ships. Lets be veryistic about it we probably did. Sure, he cant beat the Foundation in the long run, save he can get them shaky, and when he does we get in.The girl said, Is that all you can talk about, Klev? The war? You make me tired.The pilot from Haven said, in an access of gallantry,Change the subject. Cant make the girls tired.The dewy one took up the refrain and banged a mug to the rhythm. The little groups of two that had formed broke up with g iggles and swagger, and a few similar groups of twos emerged from the sun-house in the background.The conversation became more general, more varied, more meaningless.Then there were those who knew a little more and were less confident.Such as the one-armed Fran, whose large bulk matched Haven as official delegated, and who lived high in consequence, and cultivated new friendships with women when he could and with men when he had to.It was on the sun platform of the hilltop home, of one of these new friends, that he relaxed for the first of what eventually turn up to be a total of two times while on Radole. The new friend was invasion of Iwo Lyon, a kindheartedred soul of Radole. Iwos house was apart from the general cluster, apparently alone in a sea of floral perfume and insect chatter. The sun platform was a grassy strip of lawn restore at a forty-five degree angle, and upon it Fran stretched out and fairly sopped up sun.He said, Dont have anything comparable this on Haven. Iwo replied, sleepily, Ever promisen the cold side. Theres a spot twenty miles from here where the oxygen runs like water. Go on.Fact.Well, Ill tell you, Iwo-In the old days before my arm was chewed off I knocked around, see and you wont accept this, but The story that followed lasted considerably, and Iwo didnt think it.Iwo said, through yawns, They dont make them like in the old days, thats the truth.No, guess they dont. Well, now, Fran fired up, dont say that. I told you about my son, didnt I? Hes one of the old school, if you like. Hell make a great Trader, blast it. Hes his old man up and down. Up and down, except that he gets married.You mean statutory contract? With a girl?Thats right. Dont see the sense in it myself. They went to Kalgan for their honeymoon.Kalgan? Kalgan? When the Galaxy was this?Fran smiled broadly, and said with slow meaning, save before the Mule declared war on the Foundation.That so?Fran nodded and motioned Iwo closer with his head. He said, hoars ely, In fact, I can tell you something, if you dont let it go any further. My boy was sent to Kalgan for a purpose. today I wouldnt like to let it out, you know, just what the purpose was, naturally, but you look at the situation now, and I suppose you can make a pretty good guess. In any case, my boy was the man for the job. We Traders needed some sort of ruckus. He smiled, craftily. Its here. Im not saying how we did it, but my boy went to Kalgan, and the Mule sent out his ships. My sonIwo was duly impressed. He grew confidential in his turn, Thats good. You know, they say weve got five nose candy ships ready to pitch in on our own at the right time. Fran said authoritatively, More than that, maybe. This is real strategy. This is the kind I like. He clawed loudly at the skin of his abdomen. provided dont you forget that the Mule is a smart boy, too. What happened at Horleggor worries me. I comprehend he missed about ten ships.Sure, but he had a hundred more, and the Foundati on had to get out. Its all to the good to have those tyrants beaten, but not as quickly as all that. He shook his head.The question I ask is where does the Mule get his ships? Theres a widespread rumor were making them for him.We? The Traders? Haven has the biggest ship factories anywhere in the self-sustaining worlds, and we havent made one for anyone but ourselves. Do you suppose any world is building a melt for the Mule on its own, without taking the precaution of united action? Thats a a fairy tale.Well, where does he get them?And Fran shrugged, Makes them himself, I suppose. That worries me, too.Fran blinked at the sun and curled his toes about the smooth wood of the polished foot-rest. Slowly, he fell asleep and the soft burr of his breathing mingled with the insect sibilance.Lastly, there were the very few who knew appreciable and were not confident at all.Such as Randu, who on the fifth day of the all-Trader convention entered the primeval Hall and found the two men he h ad asked to be there, time lag for him. The five hundred seat were empty and were going to stay so.Randu said quickly, almost before he sat down, We three represent about half the military potential of the Independent Trading Worlds.Yes, said Mangin of Iss, my colleague and I have already commented upon the fact.I am ready, said Randu, to speak quickly and earnestly. I am not concerned in bargaining or subtlety. Our position is radically in the worse.As a result of- urged Ovall Gri of Mnemon.Of developments of the last hour. Please From the beginning. First, our position is not of our doing, and but doubtfully of our control. Our received dealings were not with the Mule, but with several(prenominal) others notably the ex-warlord of Kalgan, whom the Mule belt downed at a most inconvenient time for us.Yes, but this Mule is a worthy substitute, said Mangin. I do not cavil at details.You may when you know all the details. Randu leaned forward and placed his hands upon the table pal ms-up in an obvious gesture.He said, A calendar month ago I sent my nephew and my nephews wife to Kalgan.Your nephew cried Ovall Gri, in surprise. I did not know he was your nephew.With what purpose, asked Mangin, dryly. This? And his jerk drew an inclusive circle high in the air.No. If you mean the Mules war on the Foundation, no. How could I aim so high? The young man knew nothing neither of our organization nor of our aims. He was told I was a minor member of an intra-Haven patriotic society, and his function at Kalgan was nothing but that of an recreational observer. My motives were, I must admit, rather obscure. Mainly, I was curious about the Mule. He is a strange phenomenon but thats a chewed cud Ill not go into it. Secondly, it would make an interesting and educational training project for a man who had experience with the Foundation and the Foundation underground and showed promise of future usefulness to us. You see-Ovalls long face fell into vertical lines as he showed his large teeth, You must have been surprised at the outcome, then, since there is not a world among the Traders, I believe, that does not know that this nephew of yours abducted a Mule underling in the name of the Foundation and furnished the Mule with a casus belli. Galaxy, Randu, you spin romances. I find it hard to believe you had no hand in that. Come, it was a skillful job.Randu shook his white head, Not of my doing. Nor, willfully, of my nephews, who is now held prisoner at the Foundation, and may not live to see the completion of this so-skillful job. I have just heard from him. The Personal Capsule has been smuggled out somehow, come through the war zone, gone to Haven, and traveled from there to here. It has been a month on its travels.And?-Randu leaned a heavy hand upon the heel of his palm and said, sadly, Im afraid we are cast for the same role that the onetime warlord of Kalgan played. The Mule is a mutantThere was a flitting qualm a faint impression of quickened hea rtbeats. Randu might easily have imagined it.When Mangin spoke, the evenness of his voice was unchanged, How do you know?Only because my nephew says so, but he was on Kalgan.What kind of a mutant? There are all kinds, you know.Randu forced the rising impatience down, All kinds of mutants, yes, Mangin. All kinds But only one kind of Mule. What kind of a mutant would start as an unknown, assemble an army, establish, they say, a five-mile asteroid as original base, capture a planet, then a system, then a region and then attack the Foundation, and defeat them at Horleggor. And all in two or three yearsOvall Gri shrugged, So you think hell beat the Foundation?I dont know. Suppose he does?Sorry, I cant go that far. You dont beat the Foundation. Look, theres not a new fact we have to go on except for the statements of a well, of an inexperienced boy. Suppose we shelve it for a while. With all the Mules victories, we werent worried until now, and unless he goes a good deal further than he has, I see no reason to change that. Yes?Randu frowned and despaired at the cobweb texture of his argument. He said to both, Have we in so far made any contact with the Mule?No, both answered.Its true, though, that weve tried, isnt it? Its true that theres not much purpose to our meeting unless we do reach him, isnt it? Its true that so far theres been more drinking than thinking, and more wooing than doing I quote from an editorial in todays Radole Tribune and all because we cant reach the Mule. Gentlemen, we have nearly a thousand ships waiting to be thrown into the fight at the proper moment to captivate control of the Foundation. I say we should change that. I say, throw those thousand onto the board now against the Mule.You mean for the Tyrant Indbur and the bloodsuckers of the Foundation? demanded Mangin, with quiet venom.Randu raised a weary hand, Spare me the adjectives. Against the Mule, I say, and for I-dont-care-who.Ovall Gri rose, Randu, Ill have nothing to do with that, You present it to the full council tonight if you particularly hunger for political suicide.He left without another word and Mangin followed silently, leaving Randu to cast out a lonely hour of endless, insoluble consideration.At the full council that night, he said nothing.But it was Ovall Gri who pushed into his room the next morning an Ovall Gri only sketchily dressed and who had neither shaved nor combed his hair.Randu stared at him over a yet-uncleared breakfast table with an astonishment sufficiently open and strenuous to cause him to nightfall his pipe.Ovall said baldly, harshly. Mnemon has been bombarded from space by treacherous attack.Randus eyes narrowed, The Foundation?The Mule exploded Ovall. The Mule His words raced, It was unprovoked and deliberate. Most of our fleet had joined the international flotilla. The few left as Home Squadron were wanting(p) and were blown out of the sky. There have been no landings yet, and there may not be, for half the attackers a re reported destroyed but it is war and I have come to ask how Haven stands on the matter.Haven, I am sure, will adhere to the spirit of the Charter of Federation. But, you see? He attacks us as well.This Mule is a madman. Can he defeat the universe? He faltered and sat down to seize Randus wrist, Our few survivors have reported the Mules poss enemys possession of a new weapon. A nuclear-field depressor.A what?Ovall said, Most of our ships were lost because their nuclear weapons failed them. It could not have happened by either accident or sabotage. It must have been a weapon of the Mule. It didnt work perfectly the effect was intermittent there were ways to neutralize my dispatches are not detailed. But you see that such a tool would change the nature of war and, possibly, make our perfect fleet obsolete.Randu felt an old, old man. His face sagged hopelessly, I am afraid a monster is grown that will devour all of us. Yet we must fight him.

Omega Inc. Bia

minimize izzard Research is a quickly growing research and consulting firm. They cave in a single main office located in Reston, VA and three small branch offices located in San Diego, CA, crownwork of Oregon, OR, and Kansas metropolis, MO. Omega is non currently involved in e-commerce or business-tobusiness relationships. Two weeks ago, Omega experienced a significant issue of proprietary information (estimated value $550,000. 00) that was stored electronically in an Oracle selective informationbase in their main office in Reston. The data was unrecoverable and backups were non being r knocked out(p)inely retained, so no restoration was possible.Although he has no hard evidence, Omegas CTO believes that the passage resulted from deliberate deletion of files by a clays administrator from the Kansas City office that had been let go several weeks prior to the loss. Needless to say, the CTO has been tasked to get things under control. You spend a penny been leased as a consultant to develop a comprehensive plan for improving the participations recovery posture in order to prevent future outage of Omegas critical carcasss and electronic network resources. Your guidance and observations will eventually be used to develop a long-term procedural and amends policy solution for Omega Research.The CTO has stepped up to the plate and made the commitment to do whatever it takes to address these issues. service line Network Infrastructure * Omega leverages AT&T Managed Internet Services for each of its office locations. * Omega owns and manages the border routers for each of their office sites. * procedures in Reston, San Diego, and Kansas City uplift full T-1 service. * Offices in capital of Oregon receive 256k F-T1 circuit service. Systems Business processes provided by AIX Environment 1. Financial 2. Reporting 3. Data W behouse topical anaesthetic area networkVendor Services Address Phone Contacts IBM Tape LibraryTSM waiter 522 South RdPoughkee psie, NY 12601 214 451-7747 Steve Barretta SunGard Recovery services for emcee environment 401 N Broad St. Philadelphia, PA 877 456-3966215 351-1300 * Don Meltin (Test Coord. ) * Jack Fabrianni (Acct. Rep) * Lincoln Balducci (Resource Coord. ) service line ARCHITECTURE local anesthetic Area data processor arc pipecture (Reston Office) AIX Environment * Perimeter protection provided by screening router. Configured for high-octane packet filtering using reflexive Access Control Lists (ACLs). strange addition is provided to employees while at pedestal or on travel finished PPTP VPN, and, dial-up RAS offered by a Microsoft Windows NT 4. 0 Server . * all(a) emcees in the Reston office have been centrally located to a data inwardness. * The Reston data center supports a 5-keypunch combination lock that is required to have access to the room. That combination is shared with all IT personnel and is infrequently rotated. * The data center is controlled for humidity through HVAC pur ification. * The data center is controlled for temperature with isolated HVAC services. The data center is not on a raised floor to control static electricity. * The data center does not have a site-wide UPS. Each server and network equipment supports their own mini-UPS. * Internal Omega E-mail is supported by a Microsoft Exchange 2000 mail server running on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server. Omega has installed an SMTP mail access to support Internet mail exchange. * Omega is the registered owner of omegaresearch. com and nurses a DNS Server at the Reston facility for let on resolution supporting Omega users and to allow Internet access to publicly accessible information (web and e-mail). entanglement hosting services are provided on a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server running Internet Information Services (IIS). * X. five hundred directory services are available through Active Directory although their implementation is relatively immature they are run in a mixed environment. * Server and client o/s environments have not been routinely patched. * Reston office printers are all network connected. * The IT Department is responsible for management of the networks and networked resources at the Reston facility. They manage more(prenominal) than 170 workstations and 6 servers performing the functions previously described. Client machines consist of Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT Workstation 4. 0, 2000, and XP. Mac operating systems include OS/8 and OS-X, Panther. * Productivity applications programmes have not been standardized. Some user communities enjoy Corel OfficeSuite while others appreciate Microsoft Office . thither are various editions of these packages installed on client machines. BASELINE ARCHITECTURE Local Area Architecture (San Diego Office) * The San Diego is essentially a mirror of the network architecture provided at the Reston facility. * Differences o San Diego does not host a web server. San Diego does not support VPN or RAS connections. o There are fewer employees running(a) out of the west coast office. The local IT staff consists of one engineer who manages all networks and networked resources at bottom the San Diego office. o There are less than 50 client machines in San Diego with similar configurations as the main office. o All servers have been located in a spare office in San Diego. * There is not a controlled access restriction like in the main center. * The office is not controlled for temperature, humidity, or static. * There are no redundant power supplies.BASELINE ARCHITECTURE Local Area Architecture (capital of Oregon Office) * Salem is a small site with only 30 workstations configured in much the same course as the rest of the company. * Sale supports a single combined shared file and print server hosted on a Microsoft Windows NT 4. 0 Server. * Mail services are obtained through the San Diego office, using mailboxes set up on the San Diego Exchange Server. * There are no publicly available networke d resources at the Salem office. * Remote access to Salems infrastructure is provided to mobile and home employees using VPN client to gateway connectivity. Salem has an IT staff of one engineer that manages all networks and networked resources at this site. * All servers have been located in a spare office in San Diego. * There is not a controlled access restriction like in the main center. * The office is not controlled for temperature, humidity, or static. * There are no redundant power supplies. BASELINE ARCHITECTUREARCH Local Area Architecture (Kansas City Office) * Kansas City is very similar in size to the Salem office with the exception that Kansas City runs a Microsoft Exchange 2000 server for mail services. Kansas City has a local system administrator for support. * All servers have been located in a spare office in Kansas City. * There is not a controlled access restriction like in the main center. * The office is not controlled for temperature, humidity, or static. * Th ere are no redundant power supplies. Figure 1 Main masking Equipment List CONSIDERATIONS Networking and Systems Administration 1. Access to any site LAN automatically guarantees access to the entire WAN. This substance that user accounts authenticated in the Salem office have immediate access to resources in San Diego, Kansas City, and Renton. . exploiter accounts and access restrictions are independently managed by each offices system engineer. There is not a common user policy rules concerning how passwords are created an enforced, cycled, aged, lockout, user account retention, and so on, are created and maintained per office. 3. There is no formal backup and disaster recovery policy at any site. Backups are decentralized. Off-site rotation only happens at the Reston office. Salem currently performs DASD to DASD backups without Tape copies being made. 4.The local system administrators at the satellite offices take all direction from the central office and are not genuine t o make boundary router changes. They do not have authority to change anything without central IT approval. They have no site specific budget they have full account magnate for their LANs. 5. All machines run antivirus packet although local IT staff infrequently maintains their definition files and relies on user intervention to perform file updates. No machine has spyware protection. 6. There is no dedicated program for training employees on avoiding threats like, say, Phishing. . Firewall logs, host packet analysis, application logs, event and error logs are generally ignored across the board. Business Requirements 1. The organization is growing rapidly in spite of recent events. 2. Their strength is in developing business within the local grocery and providing on-site consulting services. The research end of the business is the well-spring from which they draw their competitive edge, scarce Omega is realizing that consolidating the research hands adds synergy to their efforts , and reduces unnecessary overhead. 3. They plan to continue down that road.As a result, local sites will blow ones stack their consulting workforce and research will continue to be consolidated at the Reston and San Diego facilities. As this trend continues to develop, access to the research data stored at the east and west coast facilities be jazzs critical. Additionally, they cannot afford a similar loss of proprietary information as was recently experienced. and they know it could have been much worse. Known environmental Risks 1. The San Diego office is located in a 20-year earthquake zone. Once every 20 years, it estimated that a 6. -Richter home base earthquake or greater will strike the facility, likely causation damage to the facility/computer equipment management assumes losses to computer assets could be estimated at 20%. As a countermeasure, the company has purchased insurance with $18,000. 00/year annual premiums that increase 5% every year. 2. The Reston office is l ocated in a 500-year flood lamp zone. Once every 500 years, it is estimated that a flood will strike the facility likely causing damage to the facility/computer equipment management assumes losses to computer assets could be estimated at 40%.The company has opted to not purchase insurance. Annual premiums would run approximately $25,000. 3. The Kansas City office suffers a significant fling event once every five years. When the tornado hits, severe electrical disruption affects the equipment and the office suffers 10% losses on computer assets. The company pays $14,000 in annual insurance premiums. Appendix A. Balance cruise Reston Book Value Actual Value 81,290 45,690 27,390 13,330 17,250 9,450 4,309 0 Networking Equipment Server EquipmentWorkstation Equipment Peripherals TOTAL 167,700 31,009Kansas City Networking Equipment 12,700 11,900 Server Equipment 4,009,250 3,400,000 Workstation Equipment 18,200 13,400 Peripherals 4,433 0 TOTAL 4,044,583 3,425,300 Salem Networking Equipment 4,300 0 Server Equipment 3,600 0 Workstation Equipment 7,200 500 Peripherals 4,433 0 TOTAL 19,533 500 San Diego Networking Equipment 81,290 17,250 Server Equipment 45,690 9,450 Workstation Equipment 27,390 4,309 Peripherals 13,330 0 TOTAL 167,700 31,009 Appendix B.The Business Impact Interviews Bill Hermann We are a service-based company and our ability to take in and book cash is critical. Without solid cash flow or expenses increase exponentially in the very short item of time. In addition our cash position which I proctor through the wash up system allows us to manage our treasury and short-term funding. I would estimate within two old age we would have to borrow money which could increase our costs and overhead. Tiffany Sabers The I. T. organization is in a period of transition when it comes recoverability.Implementation of SAP was very expensive, time-consuming, and drawn out. We have built-in a train of redundancy to sustain production sh ould any number of things proceed within a data center itself. However we are not in as good a shape as we should be to protect your organization to the entire data center become unavailable for any significant period of time. Several factors come into play when considering the recovery of a central system such as SAP. The handiness of the technology weve chosen at our recovery vendor has been a challenge to say the least.SunGard packs to charter and fund the appropriate IBM servers that we use to run the SAP application. Secondly there is for a terabytes of production data that needs to be recovered from tape once a disaster is declared. The recovery activity using the current tape library technology on the floor is estimated to take 3 to 4 days barring any problems. For tape to be a viable option going forward we need to upgrade to higher speed higher density devices and media to meet the needs of the business which is another capital expense.I think we all k wise and accepted the risk of having to retool with the implementation of SAP. Now that time has come and this exercise is crucial to determine the graceful recovery strategy and technology to meet the business needs. nates Sampolous I agree with Bill that our finance structure is key. Since we dont make anything physical our business model relies on our cash position. I will say though without having finance information available we may deject borrowing on the moment day of an outage. The way the SAP system works without current data we will be a day behind at the time of business start the second day.Were certainly capable of maintaining business function but will begin to lose $3-$500,000 per day in interest alone. The bottom line is treasury function that is maintained via a finance module within SAP is critical from our standpoint. Linda Okonieski from a purely operation standpoint we are currently dead in the water if we cant get to our schedules and billing information for the persons i n the field. We generate a quarter million dollars in revenue a daily basis to our service organization. So if there is a hard fail of the SAP system we stand to have issues in two functional areas.The first and most overt is that if we cannot invoice our clients in a timely manner or cash flow will precipitate significantly at the end of the first week. The second concern is his longer-term and related to legal and contractual ramifications if we could not maintain business as usual as quickly as possible. In our business customer confidence and brand value are priceless and need to be protected. So if we are ineffective to quickly recover we could very well lose future business that could affect our viability of the company.Nate Brown Linda hit the nail on the head, we need to ensure that we have the right people in the field generating income through billable hours and we need to continue to collect for their work. So I would say the schedule and billing within the SAP syste m lay outs very high for me. And to add to Windows last point customer confidence is how weve been able to maintain a preferred vendor status with most of these companies where we do business, so many chink in the armor could cost us a significant amount of business. Sandy Ales Without access to the SAP system we cant sell services we cant deliver.Most of our customers rely on us to be able to find and supply the appropriate consultant/resources as quickly as possible. Since we are one of several preferred service providers we will begin to miss out on new contracts and renewals to our competition. Our reliance on up to date information affects 30 to 40% of our short-term contracts and their ability to deal or longer-term assignments for our higher value personnel. Since we converted from our old system last year we had become all told reliant on the SAP application.Tyler Amdahl We have built-in on site redundancy for the SAP system, but we are still negotiating a new contract with SunGard services for a recovery configuration at the hotsite. Given the amount of data that is involved with the SAP system we are looking at 12 to 16 hours minimum recovery. Rachid Chad The SAP system is designed/architected for failover capability. Unfortunately the production system implementation is currently around $14 million dollars. There is no economy of scale for full redundancy or real-time failover.There are several options worth considering if anyone the recovery time objectives that we all agree to. I can say that they will not be cheap so we will need to actualize the costs were relating to an outage from the business perspective to enable us to construct the proper recovery strategy. Reyes Emme If you were to ask the employees they would rank getting their paychecks on time as a number one priority. However the fact is that by self insuring our paysheet funding for a week to 10 day period we could provide estimated payroll and then rectify many issues once w ere back up and running.We in HR also have or long-term concerns should an outage extends for more than a few days and began to affect our brand value. The reason to be quite honest is that we attract the best consultants partly based on their perception of our technical abilities as an organization. Fionna OConnor The audit and compliance areas are not affected in the short term should an outage surpass. However, timing is everything. Should the outage occur during the close of SOX testing on the ramp above financial reporting to the board we could have issues with the regulators will. capital of Mississippi Davis We have an all-in situation with the SAP system.We are completely reliant on the system availability for day-to-day operation. The risk we have with the prolonged outage is that we will begin to incur penalties for our accounts payable since we have been able to transmigrate to a just-in-time payment practice. I am also concerned that we may not have the proper docum entation to manually operate should the system be unavailable. I think however this exercise turns out several of our departments need to go back and designed some contingency plans should the data center be unavailable to us. The penalties for late payment would be 10% of $100,000 per day.

Various Forms of Organizations

YOU DECIDE PAPER 2 snap off I Discuss the various forms of system that be available to Penelope, Mark and John The various forms of organization available to Penelope, Mark and John are GENERAL PARTNERSHIPS A general coalition is a communication channel organization formed when 2 or more individuals or entities form a byplay for pull in. altogether(prenominal) participators share in the management and in the kale and decide on matters of ordinary line of products trading operations by majority of the partners or by percentage stimulateership of each partner. Each partner is conjectural for all wrinkle debts and bears responsibility for the actions of the other partners.Each partner reports partnership income on their individual impose return. A partnership dissolves on the death or withdrawal of a partner unless the partnership agreement provides otherwise. Partnerships are relatively clear and inexpensive to form and drive few ongoing formalities. LIMITED LIABILIT Y fraternity A limited liability troupe is a bran-new and flexible business organization of ace or more owners that offers the advantages of liability fortress with the simplicity of a partnership, i. e. partners are not liable for business debts.Each partner reports business income on their individual tax income return. LLCs may dissolve on the death or withdrawal of an owner depending on show law. An LLC is not appropriate for businesses seeking to become public or raise capital. LLCs require few ongoing formalities besides normally require periodic filings with the state and also require annual fees. LLCs are more expensive to form than partnerships. CORPORATIONS A corporation is a legal entity that has most of the rights and duties of a natural person but with perpetual life and limited liability.Shareholders of a corporation appoint a board of directors and the board of directors appoints the officers for the corporation, who prepare the authority to manage the day-to-da y operations of the corporation. Shareholders are generally liable for the amount of their investment in corporate stock. A corporation pays its own taxes and shareholders pay tax on their dividends. However, in a subchapter S corporation, shareholders report their share of corporate profit or loss in their individual tax return. The corporation is its own legal entity and can go away the death of owners, partners and shareholders.A corporation is the best entity for eventual public companies. Corporations can raise capital through the cut-rate sale of securities and can transfer ownership through the transfer of securities. Corporations require annual meetings and require owners and directors to observe plastered formalities. Corporations are more expensive to form than partnerships and sole proprietorships. Corporations require periodic filings with the state and also require annual fees. (COMMON FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION http//www. tulsascore. org/organization. tml) PARTNE RSHIPS Partnerships are unincorporated businesses. Like corporations, partnerships are separate entities from the shareholders. Unlike corporations, partnerships essential have at least one General Partner who assumes unlimited liability for the business. Partnerships must have at least two shareholders. Partnerships distribute all profits and losses to their shareholders without regard for each profits retained by the business for cash flow purposes. (LLCs are taxed as partnerships, unless they choose to be taxed as corporations. of organization you believe will be best and be sure to explain the precedenting for your choice. In my opinion, a Limited Liability Comp either would be the best choice for them to form as it provides easy management and pass-through taxation (profits and losses are added to the owner(s) personal tax returns) like a Sole proprietary/Partnership, with the liability protection of a Corporation. Like a corporation, it is a separate legal entity unlike a c orporation, there is no stock and there are fewer formalities.The owners of an LLC are called Members instead of Shareholders. So in essence, its a like a corporation, with less complicated taxation and stock formalities. The heart of a Limited Liability Company is known as the Operating Agreement. This document sets the rules for operating the company and can be modified as the business grows and changes. Operating an LLC is less formal than a corporation, usually only requiring an Annual Members Meeting and Members agreeing to changes of the Operating Agreement and other major company decisions.Provides the liability protection of a corporation without the corporate formalities (Board meetings, Shareholder meetings, minutes, etc. ) and extra levels of management (Shareholders, Directors, Officers). Taxed the same as a sole proprietorship (1 Member LLC) or partnership (2 or more Members). (Which Type of craft Entity to Choose? http//www. mynewcompany. com/entity. htm) Part III Dis cuss the tax consequences of contributing cash, property and/or services to the new entity. Contributions of appreciated property to an LLC, however, are generally tax free and there is no ownership or control requirement.There are ordinarily no federal income tax consequences when a person contributes property or services to an LLC, but there are some exceptions to this rule that you should keep in mind when plan for contributions by new or existing members of LLCs. Under IRC 721(a), a contribution of property to an LLC is generally tax free to both the contributor and the LLC. There is no 80 percent control requirement to observe tax-free treatment for a contribution to an entity taxed as a partnership as there is for a contribution to a corporation under IRC 351.Therefore, a contribution of property to an LLC will be tax free even if the contributor obtains only a relatively small interest in the LLC in exchange. Part IV Discuss, in detail, how this entity is taxed (if at all) and what filing requirements it has with the IRS Limited liability companies that are subject to the partnership tax rules are not responsible for actually paying the tax on business earnings, but are responsible for preparing annual partnership tax returns on IRS Form 1065.This return is for informational purposes only all income, deductions and credits are reported by each individual owner. The LLC reports each owners share of these amounts on a Schedule K-1 at the end of the year. In this situation, if Penelope, Mark and John earn $120,000 and have $60,000 of deductible business expenses, indeed each of them will receive a Schedule K-1 with $40,000 of earnings and $20,000 of deductions. Each of them must then report these figures on their personal income tax returns.Essentially, the business will increase their personal taxable income by $20,000. (LLC Tax Filing Rules Tax Basis in LLC Interest In general, the initial tax floor of a member who acquires an LLC interest from the LLC will be equal to the amount of money and the tax al-Qaida of any property that the member contributes to the LLC in exchange for such interest. The tax basis thus headstrong will be increased by such members share of the LLCs liabilities, by its share of the LLCs income, and by any subsequent capital contributions.The members tax basis will be reduced (but not below zero) by the members share of LLC distributions and losses and also by any decrease in such members share of the LLCs liabilities. IRC 752 embodies the statutory rules for sharing LLC liabilities. That Section provides that any increase in a partners share of a partnerships liabilities, or any increase in a partners individual liabilities by reason of assuming a partnerships liabilities, will be considered a contribution of money by such partner to the partnership.Conversely, any decrease in a partners share of a partnerships liabilities, or any decrease in a partners individual liabilities by reason of a partners hip assuming such liabilities, will be considered a distribution of money to the partner by the partnership. Unfortunately, the statute does not provide for the manner in which a partners share of liabilities will be determined. Instead, one must look to the Regulations. (Federal Income Taxation of LLC Members http//www. mmmlaw. com/media-room/publications/articles/federal-income-taxation-of-llc-members)This last exception is the most important. In some circumstances, a court might say that the LLC doesnt really exist and find that its owners are really doing business as individuals, who are personally liable for their acts (LLC Business bedrock http//articles. bplans. com/small-business-legal-issues/llc-basics/186) Cited Sources COMMON FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION http//www. tulsascore. org/organization. hypertext mark-up language Types of BusinessOrganizations 6 Forms of Business for IRSPurposes http//taxes. about. com/od/taxplanning/a/incorporating_2. tm Which Type of Busin ess Entity to Choose? http//www. mynewcompany. com/entity. htm Contributions to LLCs http//www. alberty. com/newsletter_summer01. hypertext mark-up language How LLC Members Are Taxed http//www. nolo. com/legal-encyclopedia/how-llcs-are-taxed-29675. html Tax Implications LLC Versus S Corporations http//www. hutchlaw. com/library/tax-implications-llc-versus-s-corporations LLC & Asset Protection http//www. ehow. com/about_6563015_llc-asset-protection. html LLC Business Basics http//articles. bplans. com/small-business-legal-issues/llc-basics/186

Christopher Nolan

No wholeness has had as impressive of a career as Christopher Jonathan James Nolan. His records take up earned $3. 3 one thousand million at the global box office, and the total is still growing. This British/Ameri female genitals screenwriter, director and producers most popular films include The injustice gentle (2008), Inception (2010) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Remarkably, many critics aim lined up as well, embracing two Nolans more offbeat productions, like token (2000) and The Prestige (2006), and his blockbusters (Price and Dawson, 2009). Nolan is this instant routinely considered one of the most accomplished living film producers.This essay will lose it the types of techniques he has used to create heart-stopping films, and will more specific exclusivelyy look at his methods used in creating Insomnia (2002), his offshoot studio film. I will also be analyzing the defaults in some of him major productions, and how his films stop be improved. Despite his blo ckbuster hits, many critics fiercely dislike his work. They regard it as intellectually shallow, dramatically clumsy, and technically unskilled (Price and Dawson, 2009). As far as I stool tell, no popular filmmakers work of recent years has received such harsh criticism as Nolan has.People supposem to disapprove of his continuity errors and patchy plots, but this severe attack on his films are probably callable to his elevated reputation. Personally, I admire some of Nolans films and see him as an innovative filmmaker although critics sometimes believe his techniques are weak. His film history gives us an occasion to look at some issues round creativity and innovation in popular motion pictures. There are four main ways that a filmmaker can be innovative by subject matter, typographys, formal strategies and level of call (WordPress, 2011).Out of all four innovation techniques, Nolan seems to be lacking a level of style the most. This evidence can be found in Insomnia (2002), his first studio film A Los Angeles detective and his partner contract to an Alaskan town to investigate the murder of a teenage girl. While chasing a suspect in the fog, dormer window shoots his partner Hap and then lies about it, efforting to pin the killing on the suspect. hardly the suspect who is a famous author who did kill the girl, knows what really happened. He pressures dormer to coer for both of them by framing the girls boyfriend.Meanwhile, dormer is undergoing scrutiny by Ellie, a young ships officer who idolizes him but who must investigate Haps death. And throughout it all, Dormer becomes bleary and disoriented because, the twenty-four-hour twenty-four hours wont let him sleep. Nolan said at the time that what interested him in the script was the candidate of character subjectivity, A big part of my interest in filmmaking is an interest in showing the sense of hearing a story through a characters point of view. Its interesting to try and do that and maintain a relatively natural look. This is because he wanted to keep the audience in Dormers head. Having already done that to an extent in souvenir, he saw it as a logical way of presenting Dormers slow breakdown. But Nolan wanted to keep his work indwelling and as a result chose to break up scenes with fragmentary flashes of the crime and of cluespainted nails, a necklace. untimely in the film, Dormer is studying Kay Connells corpse, and we get flashes of the murder and its aftermath, the grampus sprucing up the corpse. At first it seems that Dormer feels what happened by noticing clues on Kays body.But the films credits started with similar glimpses of the killing, as if from the killers point of view, and in that locations an ambiguity about whether the images later are Dormers imaginative reconstruction, or reminders of the killers visionestablishing that uneasy link of cop and crook. Similarly, sudden penetrating is used to introduce images that get clarified in the course of the film. At the start, we see blood feed through threads, and then shots of hands carefully depositing blood on a fabric. Then we see shots of Dormer flying in to the crime scene.We learn in the course of the film that these are flashbacks to Dormers framing of an new(prenominal) suspect back in Los Angeles. Once again, these images are more or little subjective, and they echo the killers patient tidying up. Nolans style seems to tie into rapid slickness passages. For example, Insomnia has over 3400 shots in its 111 minutes, making the average shot just under two seconds long (WordPress). This type of immediate editing can suit bursts of mental imagery, but makes the dialogue hard to understand.In the scene in which Dormer and Hap arrive at the Alaskan police station as an example of the over-busy tempo that can come along with a style based in intensified continuity. In a seventy-second scene, there are 39 shots, so the average is about 1. 8 secondsa pace typical of the film and of the intensified approach generally (Ressner, 2012). Apart from one exterior long-shot of the police station and four inserts of hands, the characters interplay is captured about entirely in hitthat is, shots of only one actor.Out of the 34 shots of actors faces and upper bodies, 24 are singles (Ressner, 2012). Most of these serve to pick up individual lines of dialogue or characters reactions to other lines. Fast cutting scenes like this are not supposed to break up spatial orientation. In many of this movies scenes there are a couple of bumps in the eyeline-matching, but all in all the shot is continuous. As I watched the DVD commentary, Nolan explains that he tried to anchor the axis of action, around Dormer/Pacino, so the eyelines were consistent with his position.The scenes development and the actors line readings are emphasized by the cutting. In contrast, the lighting and framing remain almost unchanged. The editing-driven approach to staging and shooting is clearly Nol ans gustation for many projects he storyboards only the big action sequences. We can find this loose shooting and unmannerly editing in most of Nolans films therefor they dont seem to display innovative, or skilful visual style. I believe his chief areas of innovation are in theme and form. The thematic dimension is easy to see in his films.Theres the issue of uncertain identity, which becomes obvious in Memento and the Batman films. The lost-woman motif, from Leonards wife in Memento to Rachel in the two late Batman movies, gives Nolans films the recurring theme of vengeance. There is also the theme of the man doomed to solitude and unhappiness, always grieving. This obsessive circling around personalised identity and the loss of a lover carries emotional conviction in most of Nolans menstruation films and the success of these films owe a good deal to the performances of the actors such as Guy Pearce, Hugh Jackman, Christian Bale, and da Vinci DiCaprio.It can be argued that the se psychological themes arent very original, especially in mystery-based plots, but the Batman films offer something fresher. The Dark Knight trilogy has attracted attention for its search to find real world significance in comic-book material. Many have objected that Superman, who has the power to redirect rivers, prevent asteroid collisions, and expose political corruption, devotes too much of his time to preclude bank robbers (Price and Dawson, 2009).Nolan and his colleagues have sought to reply to this cliche by adding in plots of heists, fights, chases, explosions, kidnappings, ticking bombs, and pistols with sociopolitical problems. The Dark Knight mainly raises ideas about terrorism, torture, surveillance, and the need to keep the public in the dark about its heroes. It is easy to see that Nolan and his colleagues are undoubtedly giving the superhero genre a new importance in the film industry. Nolans innovations seem strongest in the area of narrative form. Hes fascinated b y unusual storytelling strategies.Those arent developed at full stretch in Insomnia or the Dark Knight trilogy, but other films put them on display. In the Batman trilogy, subjectivity is put on hold. Nolans first two films leave office subjectivity in more unusual ways instead of expanding our range of knowledge to many characters, close the whole film is confined to what happens to one takeoff booster. Likewise, Memento confines us to a single protagonist and skips between his memories and immediate experiences one series of incidents is presented as moving chronologically while another is presented in reverse order.While ambitious filmmakers are competing to create cliche narratives and complex films, Nolan raises the stakes by bringing breath-taking cinematic storytelling to life. His movies, unlike any other living filmmaker, are motivated through dreams and modernized with a immingle of science fiction, fantasy and action pictures. Above all, the dream motivation allowed h im to create unforgettable stories that are now embedded in the minds of millions of viewers.

Prosecuting Argument Essay

On a mid-afternoon day in October of 2013, the def fireant, Stu Dents, left his flatbed and set to the victims apartment. There were two eyewitnesses that saw the suspect walk into the apartment building to his filles (victims) apartment, and enter. It is unclear on how the defendant entered the apartment because there were no signs of forced entry. The victim was non home at the time. Her co-workers say they last saw her when she left work that evening. The body of the victim was rear the next morning behind an aband geniusd building, five miles from her home. The victim was tack together with cloth stuffed in her mouth, her implements of war and legs tied with rope, and she had been stabbed to death. The coroner determined that she was stabbed 13 times and bled to death. Cuts and bruises were found on her body as salubrious as skin particles low her fingernails. This signified a struggle had occurred prior to her death. When DNA tests were mete outed, the DNA downstairs the victims fingernails matched the DNA of the defendant. When the defendants home was hunt clubed, the police found drugs, along with jewelry owned by the victim. In a locked room in the defendants house, police found a wall covered with photographs of the victim.These photographs were mostly taken without her knowledge. The police found love letters, along with a journal that was started six months prior to the death of the victim. The journal had detailed events from the first time the defendant and the victim met, up to the night before the murder. The journal entries discussed purchasing the items used to kidnap and murder the victim. He reference aliens, God, and the end of the world in his journal as well. There was enough evidence to arrest Mr. Dents on the evening of the 21st of October. When he was taken away by the police, the defendant began let loose about the end of the world and aliens working on the police force. He was very agitated, irrational, and disputatious . When an officer tried to handcuff him,the defendant punched the officer in the face and yelled, Alien The state is charging Stu Dents with homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs.For the the boot of Homicide against the defendant Stu Dent, the state of Minnesota would charge Stu Dent with murder in the first degree. 609.185, MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE. (a) Whoever does whatever of the following is guilty of murder in the first degree and shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life (1) causes the death of a human being with premeditation and with object to effect the death of the individual or of an another(prenominal) (2) causes the death of a human being while committing or attempting to commit reprehensible sexual conduct in the first or second degree with force or violence, every upon or affecting the person or another (3) causes the death of a human being with intent to effect the death of the person or another, while com mitting or attempting to commit burglary, aggravated robbery, kidnapping, arson in the first or second degree, a drive-by shooting, tampering with a witness in the first degree, leakage from custody, or any felony violation of chapter 152 involving the unlawful sale of a controlled substance.In the charge of assault of a police officer in the state of Arkansas, Stu Dents will be superaerated with aggravated assault upon a certified law enforcement officer or an employee of a punitory facility. Stu Dents will be charged under A.C.A. 5-13-211. a)When an individual commits an aggravated assault upon a certified law enforcement officer or an employee of a correctional facility. This individual will be charged if, under circumstance manifesting significant indifference to the person(s) personal hygienics of the certified law enforcement officer or the employee with the correctional facility.This is when the individual intentionally takes part in conduct that has or will create potent ial danger of infection to the certified law enforcement officer or the employee of any state or local correctional facility while the certified officer or employee is in the course of his or her employment by causing the person whom the actor is well aware(predicate) that he or she is a certified officer or employee to come into contact with blood, feces, urine, saliva, seminal fluid, or any other bodily fluid through purposely throwing, expelling, tossing, or in any other way transferring the fluids or material (A.c.a. 5-13-211, 2015). b) Aggravated assault upon an employee of a correctional facility either fill up or local or a certified law enforcementofficers is a Class D felony (A.c.a. 5-13-211, 2015). Stu Dents is charged with a Class D felony for aggravated assault upon a law enforcement officer because he became combative and struck the police officer in the face with a closed fist while screaming Alien.KIDNAPPINGThe defendant wrongfully trespassed onto the victims prop erty. He went into the victims apartment when she was not at home. He may not have gone in thinking that he was difference to take something from her home, but he did. He took from her home, her personal jewelry. He had no intentions of giving back what he had taken, and the victim did not give the defendant permission to take her possessions. If charged with burglary in Arizona, you are cladding felony charges. Though there are collar different classifications for burglary, each of them are felonies. Third degree burglary is doing one of two things. The unlawful entering or remaining in a nonresidential structure or fenced in area, with the intent of committing any theft or felony. The unlawful gaining entry into any part of a vehicle with burglars tools with the intent of committing any theft or felony. The punishment carries 18 months to three years in prison.Second degree burglary is the unlawful entering or remaining in or on a residential structure with the intent of commit ting any theft or felony. This applies to a home, apartment building, or any place people reside. This carries a two in a half to septet year punishment in prison. First degree burglary is the most serious charge. This means one pull either a second or third degree burglary while using a firearm, explosive, or other deadly weapon. The punishment is four to ten years in prison. To be charged with any degree of burglary, you do not need to steal anything, only have the intent of stealing. Also, the defendant was charged with crimes related to drugs, in the state of Minnesota they would charge him with 152.021 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE CRIME IN THE FIRST DEGREE.Subd. 2. self-possession crimes. (a) A person is guilty of a controlled substance crime in the first degree if (1)the person unlawfully possesses one or more than mixtures of a total weight of 25 grams or more containing cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. A blue MDMA tablet also known as ecstasy, with a thumbs-up relievo was f ound under the table in the living room as wellas powder cocaine residue on the living room coffee table of the victims apartment. Upon search of the defendants home, detectives found ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine, and jewelry owned by the victim among the defendants possessions. minuscule bag containing ecstasy found at defendants home matched the ones found at the victims home.ReferencesA.C.A. 5-13-211. (2015). Retrieved from Revisor of statutes, take of Minnesota, 152.021 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE CRIME IN THE FIRST DEGREE, 2014. Retrieved on February 13, 2015 from Revisor of statutes, State of Minnesota, 609.185 Murder in the First Degree, 2014. Retrieved on February 13, 2015 WordPress Admin (n.d.). Burglary Laws. Retrieved on February 13, 2015 from

Felony Inmates Reintegration Back Into Society Essay

Felony Inmates Reintegration Back Into Society - strain ExampleThere be various felony crimes that could be committed and that have been committed. According to Criminal practice of law Attorney, felony crimes constitute abhorrences which are more serious and heavier than misdemeanor crimes like public intoxication and petty stealing (2012). The penalty for felony crimes includes fines, incarceration and other punitive punishments. A person convicted of felony crime in a apostrophize of law is referred to as a felon (Hattery & Smith, 2010). The rights of convicted felons would often be revoked, for example, the right to vote, the right to bear fortification and the right to offer service in the military. Felony crimes could be categorized according to the degree which shows the severity of crime. Of all(a) the felony crimes in this categorization, the most serious are first degree crimes. The definitions of these degrees vary depending on the present or federal laws applicabl e and also depending on the presiding jurisdiction. While some felony offenders would be tried through the body of state criminal justice, others would be tried through the federal court system. These would be governed by state laws and federal laws respectively. This means that despite the similarity in some types of felony crimes, the outcome could be different depending on where they were tried.Similarly, these crimes could be categorized into two ones that are violent by intent or act and those ones that are not. Non-violent felony crimes are usually considered as white collar crimes. They would mostly be committed in businesses or professional set-ups with the aim of gaining financially at the expense of another persons loss.... These convictions make up about 4% of federal convictions as compared to over 16% in state convictions (Hattery & Smith, 2010). Arson refers to an offense that involves maliciously damaging a building, vessel, inhabited structure or any property throug h cauterise or explosive (Travis & Visher, 2005). There are other felony offenses that are neither violent in disposition nor intent and include burglary, fraud, forgery and larceny. OBrien (2010) observed that about 67% of convictions for property felony crimes lead to incarceration. opposite non-violent crimes include drug trafficking and possession and about 90% of those convicted of crimes related to drugs face incarceration (Hattery & Smith, 2010). The penalties for felony have been categorize into tiers depending on each states arrangement. They are often categorized in alphabetical and quantitative classes like come apart 1, Class A and first degree felony, with crimes in a class air similar punishment. Other categories could include Class 2, Class B and second degree classes and Class 3, Class C and third class felonies. Murder felony charges and capital punishment would be in their own category. national felony classifications have crimes divided from Class A to Cla ss E charges, which determine the fine to be charged depending on the severity of crime and the offenders prior criminal records. Generally, felonies convicted on State take aim are less harsh than Federal punishments (Allard, 2002). How well do inmates regain or create family bonds afterward incarceration? The terms of incarceration for felony cases vary greatly but usually above one socio-economic class and could even go to one having a life sentence. According to Scirmer, Nellis and Mauer, M. (2009), 1.7 million American children had their

The legalization of marijuana for medical purposes Essay

The legitimation of quite a littlenabis for medical purposes - Essay ExampleSeveral studies form revealed that persistent intake of marijuana accelerates the point of the diseases that the proponents of its legalization assert that it cures. Another controversy entails the method of sermon used with marijuana. Smoking is not a very good method for taking medication since it accelerates and causes other conditions. This paper will analyze and contend in detail the reasons why legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes should not occur. The paper will stick out the premise that states should not legalize marijuana for medicinal purposes. It will first provide a chronicle of the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes as soundly as the nature of the debate surrounding this issue. in that respect has been a vigorous debate about legalization of marijuana for the last 40 age. Some of the policies supporters get by that marijuana is a safe drug hence individuals should possess small quantities. They as well assert that sinful sanctions against personal use and ownership characterize at worst extremely harsh and unnecessary penalties. On the other hand, the opposers of the policies claim that alleviating of present laws contradict that marijuana is not a benevolent drug, particularly check to new psychopharmacologic information shows that marijuana shares many characteristics with other illegal drugs. (Joffe & Yancy, 2004). Although researchers acknowledge the medicinal value of marijuana since time in memorial, there are other traditional drugs that cure the same conditions that marijuana can treat since monitoring the dose of marijuana is hard (Koger, 2006). There is unreliable evidence that marijuana whitethorn be useful in treating a number of medical conditions hence a vital labour behind efforts to change the legal position of marijuana (Joffe & Yancy, 2004). However, doctors have used the plant for arthritic pain, treatment of pu s-forming infections and fever (Koger, 2006). In addition, marijuana may have benefits on these conditions wasting related to AIDS, nausea after(prenominal) chemotherapy, spastic disorders, and relief of interocular pressure related with glaucoma. However, despite the benefits the dose of marijuana used could risk a patient a prison sentence (Conboy, 2000). The debate on legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes be very controversial. While the health professionals are ethically required to offer the best possible treatment, they also have to follow the state and federal laws. Consequently, there has been extensive research to establish the mechanisms, potential uses, side of meat effects, and alternative delivery methods of the contents of this drug (Yambura, 2008). Political buzzwords such as War on Drugs have delayed the legalization of marijuana in the U.S. In addition, the role of states rights complicates the matter further since it is not flat involved in the ethic s of the policy as a lot as the countrys federalist bodily structure (Rabbani, n.d). History of the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes In the modern world, marijuana is one of the most well known and diversified of plants. It was native to central Asia but only recognized for its medicinal purposes five years ago during the reign of the Chinese Emperor Chen Nung. However, marijuanas medicinal properties were evident much later in the West. In the United States, marijuana was widely used for