Tanning Beds/Salons Essays - Sun Tanning, Tanning Bed, Tanning Lamp

Tanning Beds/Salons What precisely is tanning? Tanning is your body's characteristic reaction that happens when your skin is presented to bright radiation (UV, for example, the sun. Presentation to UV radiation from sunlamps and beds can add to the aggregate sum of UV radiation you can get in the course of your life. UVA and UVB beams put out radiation which can cause skin malignant growth. Tanning beds and corners essentially mimic the sun. The sun transmits three sorts of UV beams (the ones that make you tan). UV-C has the briefest frequency of the three, and is likewise the most destructive. The sun emanates UV-C light, however then it's consumed by the ozone layer and contamination. Tanning lights sift through this sort of UV light. UV-B, the center frequency, begins the tanning procedure, however overexposure can cause burn from the sun. UV-A has the longest frequency, and it finishes the tanning procedure. Tanning lights utilize the best proportion of UV-B and UV-A light to give ideal tanning results, with a brought down danger of overexposure. In the event that it takes you some time to get a tan outside, it might be simpler for you to get the shading you need (earthy colored rather than red) by tanning inside. You would need to begin with a short presentation time, and increment it steadily. In any case, in the event that you NEVER tan from the sun, you won't tan from tanning lights, since they emanate exactly the same tanning beams as the sun does. So as to construct a tan, it is critical to tan normally. Try not to release an excessive amount of time by between visits, or your tan will start to blur. You can tan up to once like clockwork, yet it is for the most part suggested that you hold up in any event 48 hours in the middle of every meeting to permit your tan to completely create in the middle of visits. You can develop your tan by heading off to an indoor tanning office three to four times each week. When you have a tan, you can keep up it by tanning a few times each week. As a rule, you will start to see results after a couple of tanning meetings, however it might take half a month of ordinary tanning (at any rate three times each week) to get to the shading you are searching for. In the event that you are building up a base tan before going out traveling, you would need to begin tanning around three or a month prior to you go.

Cryonics: The Transhumanist Technology to Expand Lifespan

Cryonics: The Transhumanist Technology to Expand Lifespan Olivia Ilono Theoretical Cryonics is a transhumanist innovation that lays on the rule that later on the deadly maladies that causes most present day passings would be treatable and that the impacts of long haul freezing would be switched. The perished are contained in low-temperature cases of fluid nitrogen where they will stay until future innovation can resuscitate them. Some remarkable disclosure has happened that recommends that aldehyde-settled cryopreservation (ASC) is the path forward (particularly for neuropreservation-protection of the mind) in spite of the fact that it would take some trouble adjusting this technique to human cerebrums. There are numerous moral issues encompassing cryonics, for example, worries of hurting the earth, precluding gift of organs, being a device that is against the conviction of God and potential dangers in the innovation prompting the individuals (anticipating cryopreservation at death) no hanging tight for a characteristic demise. In spite of the fact that it is impos sible for the innovation to be a triumph, there are still expectations. Presentation Over the most recent couple of decades, there has been an exponential increment in the turn of events and production of new innovation which leaves numerous idealistic that one day sooner rather than later the intensity of recovery could be conceivable. This thought falls under the idea of the transhumanism development which interfaces the various parts of the STEM subjects. The fundamental point of the transhumanism development is propelling the human way of life and body through fusing present day and future advances. One significant innovation associated with this development is cryonics. Cryonics is safeguarding human bodies (other wised lawfully dead) at extremely low temperatures. This innovation rests o[DS1] the rule that later on that the sicknesses that caused these passings would be reparable and turning around the effects of freezing would be conceivable. Outline of subject How Does Cryonics Work? Researchers, that engaged with completing cryopreservation, express that despite the fact that the individual might be articulated as lawfully dead because of their heart done doing its principle capacity of siphoning blood around the body a portion of the cerebrums cell works last soon after death. At the point when the confident is articulated as legitimately dead, a crisis group rapidly arrives at the perished so as to save adequate functionã‚â while being taken to the cryopreservation office the individual must be provided with enough oxygen and blood which is particularly vital for the mind. During transportation, the concoction heparin is infused into the expired that is put away in ice which prevent the blood from coagulating. At the point when the perish show up at the cryonics office, the group must expel all the water from their cells and reestablish the unbalance with a cryoprotectant. After this they are then ready to put the expired in a vessel containing fluid nitrogen (at - 195à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C) without the cells blasting. So as to protect the ultrastructure, the organs of the must experience a procedure of vitrification which includes a putting the body in a territory of dry ice with the goal that the body can be chilled. Numerous researchers that complete cryopreservation accept that nanotechnology would have the option to fix the harm of the mind because of long haul freezing and conceivably fix their deadly malady that executed them. Many anticipate that endeavors of unfreezing the cryonauts for restoration could occur in the following three decades. Ethics[DS2] As one may expect with an innovation that basic resuscitates the dead, there are numerous moral imperatives against the innovation. One contention against the advancement of cryonic stockpiling is that it denies the expired from giving their organs. Some may imagine that they deny individuals in clinics that are on the long holding up rundown of getting these imperative organs. In spite of the fact that this is a legitimate contention it doesnt address the way that numerous individuals that are lawfully dead dont give their organs even without taking the cryopreservation course. Accordingly this contention holds no grounds by which individuals that pick to be put away under cryonic stockpiling ought to be investigated, as most by far of the open which are equipped for giving their organs that would be put to no utilization after their demise decide not to give their organs. Furthermore, if cryonics will be a triumph, the restored would require these organs for their later life hence broadening the life expectancy and expanding their personal satisfaction which are the reasons a significant number of these patients require these organs. Another point against cryonics is that is can make more mischief the earth than basic procedures of arranging a dead body. Cryonics requires a huge measure of assets (i.e fluid nitrogen) over the future decades which won't be modest. In any case, this lays on the disappointment of cryonics as though it is fruitful the cryonaut would be restored instead of discarded hence cryopreservation is altogether different to these strategies. On the off chance that cryonics offers the desire for some time or another being restored back to life in the inaccessible future, would it merit enduring torment in this lifetime? This origination is outstandingly the most pervasive moral issue as it proposes that untimely or helped suicides could be completed so as to forestall long haul experiencing an excruciating savage illness as they may see cryonics as an expectation or what's to come. What's more, as gathering and freezing the cerebrum as quickly as time permits offers ascend to higher likelihood of cryopreservation being effective due to there being less harm to the mind it might be enticing to numerous to have an early and progressively sorted out death so as to build odds of being resuscitated later on. This is an exceptionally perilous insurance as the possibility that cryonics would have the option to bring back the dead is a lot of restrictive and it would be ethically off-base to end ones life sooner than foreseen. While examining ethics, it would not be right not to address the elephant in the room.ã‚â It is obvious to express that if the cryonics innovation turns out to be fruitful it might make many inquiry what passing methods. As the cryonauts would have been legitimately dead however returned back to life, it conflicts with the conviction that there is a God and paradise. This accordingly would make individuals less tolerating to the idea of God and leaves the inquiry to be posed on the off chance that it is conceivable to live perpetually through the rehashed utilization of this procedure. In any case, it may not really question strict conviction as who is s to know whether the soul of the expired will return as the recently resuscitated may hold the recollections of cryonaut yet an alternate soul. It would likewise leave numerous to ponder where the spirits of the expired would have been while under capacity which would make mankind a bit nearer into noting one of the 4 major inqui ries of life-What happens when I kick the bucket?. The Future of Cryonics Researchers of the 21st century medication have had the option to recoup a hares cerebrum that was put under cryopreservation with insignificant harm to the mind. Through aldehyde-settled cryopreservation (ASC) they had the option to safeguard the neurones and neurotransmitters in the cerebrum which prompted the scientist being granted the Small Mammal Brain Preservation prize. The analysts accept that this innovation could be actualized in bigger cerebrums as through perfusion the synthetic concoctions had the option to reach and experience the minds of the bunny and it is imagined that this procedure could undoubtedly be done in cerebrums as extensive as the human cerebrum. Besides, by transforming the cerebrum into a shiny strong issue they had the option to keep up the minds ultrastructure after long haul stockpiling. In any case, the group does communicate that it is less material and viable in human minds as the cerebrum banks would just get these synthetic substances hours after death which by then there would have been critical harm to the mind making recovery more uncertain. By the by, there is still good faith in conveying this method in different pieces of the human body. Will cryonics be effective? This is the significant inquiry to reply as saw from what has been composed so far it is a noticeable perspective while talking about the cryonic innovation. Kaufman ,a product engineer at Google, had the option to quantitatively gauge the achievement of cryonics by studying individuals from the Cambridge LessWrong meetup for their appraisals (probabilities) because of each question he made that would decide whether cryonic was conceivable. Sadly, just a single individual from the meetup had a triumph pace of over half hence proposing that it is an extremely little possibility in cryonics. [DS3]However, Kaufman just overviewed 6 individuals (counting himself) thusly the example size is deficient so solid ends cannot be produced using these outcomes. Moreover, lion's share of inquiries were outside components which the part has no influence over, for instance, the likelihood that the cryonics office that the part picked would get bankrupt and need to shut down. This in this manner imp lies that there is a level of madness of every individual part assessing probabilities of occasions occurring as they dont have enough knowledge to create a likelihood. As per Kaufmans results, the normal possibility of achievement for cryonics is 7.4% (barring the abnormality) which lies between Harriss likelihood of 15% (when idealistic) and 0.23% (when cynical) (Harris,1998) . This hence makes Kaufman results increasingly solid as the normal possibility of accomplishment is inside the range that a doctor at Alcor Life Extension Foundation (a cryonic office) had the option to accomplish subsequent to framing The Warren Equation and contributing probabilities from his understanding and information. Then again, this raises a worry as it appears in the best of cases it shows that cryonics has a little possibility of being fruitful consequently recommending that it is bound to fall flat than succeed. Research Methodology[DS4] The primary type of research utilized in this paper was se

What did YOU do this weekend

What did YOU do this weekend I dont know about you, but I had a pretty awesome weekend. First of all, I checked my exam grade for 18.01 on-line. Then I started running around the room and up and down the stairs to tell Becky and Sam. Whys that? Because I got the highest test grade Ive gotten at MIT by about 16 points. Ninety-six. Thats right. =) See, Im improving! In fact, Im doing better in 3.091 too! Sort of. Just remember, its all about the zoom-out effect. 3.091 Test #1: You think you got but then you zoom out. 3.091 Test #2: You think you got. but then you zoom out Friday night Sam and Becky and I walked into Boston to have a wonderful end-of-week meal at the appropriately named TGIFridays. Fridays is just about my favorite restaurant of ALL TIME, so I was pretty psyched about that. I got the sizzling chicken and cheese, like I do every time. Why? Because it comes with a side of mashed potatoes. You just cant argue with that. Despite being my favorite eating establishment ever, Becky did find a random piece of metal in her foodyikes. But Beckys chill and didnt care anyway, plus she got a free meal out of the deal! And free dessert. Which she didnt really want so Sam and I just ate most of it for her. We hurried back from dinner in order to make it to SaveTFPs weekly Friday night event. This past Friday was hosted by Laura Stuart, who, aside from having a great name, works for MITMedical and is most well-known around campus for being the go-to-woman for questions regarding sexual health. Friday night she gave a presentation about sex toys. No joke. She brought in examples and everything. Ill be tasteful and not go into too much detail, but while were on the subject Id like to bring up the point that MIT is super-open about sexual health. (Um, obviously. See above.) We chatted with Laura Stuart a little before her sex toy presentation, and you can tell right away that shes really easy to talk to, even about topics that can make some people uncomfortable. Some friends of mine who were thinking about becoming sexually active basically just visited her at her office and had a little chat about safe sex and contraception. Three cheers for responsibility, right? They came back with booklets of information and free condoms. Speaking of, those things are everywhere. If you cant find them, youre just dumb. Sometimes I think MIT spends more money on condoms than anything. Really. Anyway, MIT takes sexual health seriously. Im not sure if this makes parent readers more or less anxious, so Ill just leave it at that. =) QA Time! Steven asked, Im told i am exelent in math and reading, and above standard in science, but my english and writing skills Lets just say they are not up to par. Will I still be considered or must i be dissillusioned? To be perfectly honest, it depends exactly what you mean by not up to par, which is a pretty vague description. =) Seriously though, you cant get too hung up on the details of your test scores. Besides, most MIT students score higher in math and science than english and writing (check out section C9 of that link). In any case, you never know unless you try! If youre really concerned about your scores, you may want to address a more specific question to Ben or Matt. Edward wrote: But I do think I kinda agree with John 08 I dont know why :-) PS: Which is better: a) tackling psets alone b) doing psets as a group Hey now. Dont go bashing my cooking when you havent even eaten it and then ask a question and expect an answer! =P How you tackle psets is a personal preference. Some people feel the need to work everything out for themselves, and some people need to have other distra- I mean, classmates around for help. Im a firm believer in method #2, personally, but it varies. I also apologize for the fact that this doesnt really answer your question at all. I will say that most professors expect and encourage collaboration on psets, so they make them really really hard. Which is so uncool. Emi asked, What other interesting classes are available for HASS credit? which is a pretty hefty question, so Im putting it aside for now until I can properly research some of the course offerings. In the meantime, feel free to poke around the websites of the different HASS departments, which are listed here. In response to my nutritional documentation, Nurlan sad no vegetebles. i will feel myself as if i m punished. I dont like vegetables. Except for potatoes. And I eat plenty of those by buying those microwavable cheddar cheese potato boats from the supermarket. Yum. Mushal basically wanted to know how I dont starve to death. I guess I dont require as much food as most people in order to function, but I definitely dont go hungry. I also have a practically bottomless supply of granola bars and pop-tarts, which Im constantly eating between meals. And one bowl of cereal per day is the bare minimum. Its usually more than that. =) Tomorrow I have a super-cool adventure planned, but its top-secret! (Im really just saying this so that if it doesnt work out I just disappoint myself and not all of you as well. Then I can make something up in order to not look like an idiot!) So stay tuned!

What did YOU do this weekend

What did YOU do this weekend I dont know about you, but I had a pretty awesome weekend. First of all, I checked my exam grade for 18.01 on-line. Then I started running around the room and up and down the stairs to tell Becky and Sam. Whys that? Because I got the highest test grade Ive gotten at MIT by about 16 points. Ninety-six. Thats right. =) See, Im improving! In fact, Im doing better in 3.091 too! Sort of. Just remember, its all about the zoom-out effect. 3.091 Test #1: You think you got but then you zoom out. 3.091 Test #2: You think you got. but then you zoom out Friday night Sam and Becky and I walked into Boston to have a wonderful end-of-week meal at the appropriately named TGIFridays. Fridays is just about my favorite restaurant of ALL TIME, so I was pretty psyched about that. I got the sizzling chicken and cheese, like I do every time. Why? Because it comes with a side of mashed potatoes. You just cant argue with that. Despite being my favorite eating establishment ever, Becky did find a random piece of metal in her foodyikes. But Beckys chill and didnt care anyway, plus she got a free meal out of the deal! And free dessert. Which she didnt really want so Sam and I just ate most of it for her. We hurried back from dinner in order to make it to SaveTFPs weekly Friday night event. This past Friday was hosted by Laura Stuart, who, aside from having a great name, works for MITMedical and is most well-known around campus for being the go-to-woman for questions regarding sexual health. Friday night she gave a presentation about sex toys. No joke. She brought in examples and everything. Ill be tasteful and not go into too much detail, but while were on the subject Id like to bring up the point that MIT is super-open about sexual health. (Um, obviously. See above.) We chatted with Laura Stuart a little before her sex toy presentation, and you can tell right away that shes really easy to talk to, even about topics that can make some people uncomfortable. Some friends of mine who were thinking about becoming sexually active basically just visited her at her office and had a little chat about safe sex and contraception. Three cheers for responsibility, right? They came back with booklets of information and free condoms. Speaking of, those things are everywhere. If you cant find them, youre just dumb. Sometimes I think MIT spends more money on condoms than anything. Really. Anyway, MIT takes sexual health seriously. Im not sure if this makes parent readers more or less anxious, so Ill just leave it at that. =) QA Time! Steven asked, Im told i am exelent in math and reading, and above standard in science, but my english and writing skills Lets just say they are not up to par. Will I still be considered or must i be dissillusioned? To be perfectly honest, it depends exactly what you mean by not up to par, which is a pretty vague description. =) Seriously though, you cant get too hung up on the details of your test scores. Besides, most MIT students score higher in math and science than english and writing (check out section C9 of that link). In any case, you never know unless you try! If youre really concerned about your scores, you may want to address a more specific question to Ben or Matt. Edward wrote: But I do think I kinda agree with John 08 I dont know why :-) PS: Which is better: a) tackling psets alone b) doing psets as a group Hey now. Dont go bashing my cooking when you havent even eaten it and then ask a question and expect an answer! =P How you tackle psets is a personal preference. Some people feel the need to work everything out for themselves, and some people need to have other distra- I mean, classmates around for help. Im a firm believer in method #2, personally, but it varies. I also apologize for the fact that this doesnt really answer your question at all. I will say that most professors expect and encourage collaboration on psets, so they make them really really hard. Which is so uncool. Emi asked, What other interesting classes are available for HASS credit? which is a pretty hefty question, so Im putting it aside for now until I can properly research some of the course offerings. In the meantime, feel free to poke around the websites of the different HASS departments, which are listed here. In response to my nutritional documentation, Nurlan sad no vegetebles. i will feel myself as if i m punished. I dont like vegetables. Except for potatoes. And I eat plenty of those by buying those microwavable cheddar cheese potato boats from the supermarket. Yum. Mushal basically wanted to know how I dont starve to death. I guess I dont require as much food as most people in order to function, but I definitely dont go hungry. I also have a practically bottomless supply of granola bars and pop-tarts, which Im constantly eating between meals. And one bowl of cereal per day is the bare minimum. Its usually more than that. =) Tomorrow I have a super-cool adventure planned, but its top-secret! (Im really just saying this so that if it doesnt work out I just disappoint myself and not all of you as well. Then I can make something up in order to not look like an idiot!) So stay tuned!

An Example Of A Marketing And Sales Agreement - 742 Words

This Marketing and Sales Agreement (hereafter referred as â€Å"Agreement†), dated as of ___________, is entered into between The Berkley Group (hereafter referred as â€Å"Berkley†), whose business address is 2626 E Oakland Park Blvd., Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306, and ____[Bill Rauer]___(hereafter referred as â€Å"Rauer† and together with â€Å"Berkley† as â€Å"Parties†, and each as â€Å"Party†), whose business address is _________. WHEREAS, Berkley is the developer of Vacation Village in the Berkshires, located at _____ and Berkshires Mountain Lodge, located at _________, and is in the business of selling timeshares; WHEREAS, Rauer is in the business of marketing and selling vacation ownership (hereafter referred as â€Å"vacation ownership†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦on of operation, including contract staff and HR personnel; all staff employees to have Employee Stock Ownership Plan (hereafter referred as â€Å"ESOP†); notwithstanding the foregoing, Rauer shall be responsible only for (i) per diems, (ii) commissions, (iii) salaries, (iv) bonuses, and (v) employer federal taxes of sales and marketing personnel, and all of which shall be deducted as stated in paragraph 2(a); Berkley shall be responsible for any and all other expenses in connection to Operation; Berkley shall permit Rauer to retain on non-Berkley employee or independent contractor, who will have full access to Operation and assist Rauer as Rauer sees fit; Rauer shall be responsible for the costs of said non-Berkley employee or independent contractor; Berkley shall provide Rauer with full and complete access to all guests, sales floors, and front desks at no charge whatsoever; Berkley shall be solely responsible for daily maintenance of (i) A/B and (ii) A/C units at both, Vacation Village in the Berkshires and Berkshires Mountain Lodge; Berkley shall provide accommodations for all staff on an as-needed-basis, but within reasonable limits, at no cost whatsoever to Rauer; Berkley shall offer, as part of Off Premises Contact (hereafter referred as â€Å"OPC†), a free week at featured resorts at no cost whatsoever to Rauer; Extra vacation weeks, and VV plus/ preferred shall be eligible to be offered as incentives on all sales; Berkley shall in a regular and timely manner provide,Show MoreRelatedSales Process Level 2 : Customer Profile Acquisition1149 Words   |  5 PagesSales Process Level 2 BPMN Customer profile acquisition The marketing team is in charge of obtaining customers and profiling them. 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Taking a look at Sky Spirits LLC - 1540 Words

During 1992, one of the strongest opponents of VS Absolut Spirits was born. SKYY Spirits LLC entered the market for alcoholic beverages without having any difficulties, despite the fact that Absolut had established itself in the States for the past 13 years. The entrance of the SKYY Company was mostly due to the lack of entry market barriers from the Absolut Vodka. The SKYY Company was founded in 1992 by Maurice Kanbar in San Francisco, California and ever since then, both its popularity and the sales volumes have actually increased phenomenally . Nowadays, SKYY Spirits LLC is one of the fastest growing enterprises as their main product is high priced vodka of high quality. However, there is still the question of why and how the success of this company was brought. It offers the same products with Absolut, yet it had much more success and fame. The similarities of the two companies are quite striking. 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William Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello

A clear view of the relationships established in Macbeth and Othello can be seen through the inferior partner s views on the other person in the relationship, and also their balance of power. Lady Macbeth rarely addresses Macbeth with his real name, but instead with titles such as Great Glamis! and Worthy Cawdor - referring to his positions. However Iago refers to Othello with titles such as The Moorship, which is a play on Lordship - including a reference to his race. The use of titles instead of their proper names implies what the other (Lady Macbeth and Iago) thinks about the protagonist. Iago is rather cruel but also intelligent with the titles he names Othello with, where Lady Macbeth honours her partner; although positive, Lady Macbeth also objectifies Macbeth for her own ends. Iago s title could be seen as offensive as Moor directly refers to a person of colour. People of colour in Jacobean society were linked with devilry, darkness and black magic, seen to worship a s trange god, and to represent a living image of the many black devils they beheld in contemporary religious art. This can be linked back to the relationships as Iago uses this attitude to play on Othello s vulnerability (particularly with Brabantio), and as an easy way to demonise Othello. Even though Othello technically has the power, Iago crafts his words so he can use Othello s power for himself and ultimately to get revenge. We are introduced to two inferior charactersShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello1417 Words   |  6 PagesHello, I’m William Shakespeare, the famous and historically known playwright of plays such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Macbeth. Today I will be talking to you all about two of my plays, Othello and Macbeth. I will also be talking to you all about the social, political and historical themes in my plays and my intent for writing them. I wrote Macbeth and Othello during the reign of King James the 1st of England. Events that were occurring during that time period and the feeling of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello1984 Words   |  8 PagesExplore the ways in which characters emotions are manipulated in Macbeth and Othello The way that Shakespeare implements manipulation into Othello and Macbeth leads to significant emotional change in the majority of characters in both plays. This leads to protagonists’ eventual downfall in many cases, due to the language and imagery that Shakespeare creates in the tragedies. The schemists tend to exploit weaknesses in the victims, such as ambitions. This can be witnessed by the audience at a veryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, Othello, And King Lear1479 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, was the last of four great tragedies, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear, written during the Elizabethan Era. Herbert Courson states the play as, â€Å" â€Å"a powerful even for the mature Shakespeare. [which]... demands that we share its experience intensely, that we fell the strength of Macbeth’s thirst for kingship, the force of Lady Macbeth’s persuasions, the anguish of Macbeth’s struggle before the murder, and the im pact of nature’s retribution after the murder†Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Vs. Othello1006 Words   |  5 PagesNadia Chilcoat Macbeth vs. Othello Period: â…š 12/12/2014 Macbeth vs. Othello Ancient Greeks believed that a tragic hero must be admirable but flawed, someone the audience can sympathize with, and someone capable of good and evil. The main character must also have a doctrine of free will, in which they are able to redeem themselves, but they continue to fall freely in a downward spiral from a position of superiority. The audience must also be able toRead MoreThe Literary Genius Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliette, Othello, King Lear, And Macbeth1953 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is an intriguing and well-known playwright and is considered to be the face of literature. Through the brainstorming of his greatest plays Romeo and Juliette, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, just to name a few, Shakespeare’s most famous play seemingly enough is Hamlet. This play is mostly evoked for its intrinsic worth however, it has its imperfections. 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Macbeth has been said by many to be Shakespeare s darkest work, A Reflection through Shakespeare s mind giving us a window into Elizabethan ways of politics, Human violence and Human nature. Quiet relevantly Shakespeare would never have guessed that over 400 years later the basic morals and characteristics that were used to shape

Sustainability Analysis and Product Development

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Analysis and Product Development. Answer: Introduction The tourism industry has developed in past two decades worldwide and is one of the largest and fastest growing industries. The activities in this industry are growing very rapidly as there is a huge scope in this industry. The growth taking place in this industry is providing a huge economic development. The growth is also taking place in the foreign exchange, development, growth, infrastructure, balance of payment, economy, etc. there are many limitations due to which the Australia tourism is not growing on a large scale. In this report, all the discussions will takes place on the issues and problems faced by Australia tourism. The industry is trying hard to expand their business to international markets. But it is not a single industry; it is combined with many other industries like hotel industry, hospitality industry, transportation sector of the country, etc. (Anderson, 2006). According to the world travel and tourism council, the growth that takes place in the year 2004 was around 214.7 million which is such an impressive number and this number has grown to a large extent in the year 2015 that is 489.1 million. The tourism industry of Australia provides a huge number of employment opportunities to the people. The tourism industry of Australia plays a vital role in the development and growth of the economy. It is one of the major savings and revenues for the government of Australia. Here are many ups and downs in this industry but still the tourism industry is contributing to a large number for the economy of Australia (Butler, Hinch, 2007). Application of the sustainability principles to the construction or development of a tourism product It is well defined that the sustainability has a huge impact on the tourism industry. The word tourism states that sustainable tourism is type of tourism which is related to the management of all the natural and other resources in a way that can not harm any cultural integrity, ecological process, biological diversity, and life support system. The main motive of sustainability is to bring development in the tourism industry according to the future perspective and future generation (Blackstock, 2005). The strategies and principle of the sustainability tourism are Carrying capacity and also the multi use of the resource Both of the concepts are very important in the growth and development of tourism industry. Carrying capacity states those both manmade and natural resources have limits to use them. This says that a country cannot over use the man-made as well as natural resources harshly. Multiple use refers to use of resource is such a way that they can be reused in the future. It is related to supply and recreation of natural and manmade resources. For example- there are some resources that can be used again like land; forest can be created again, etc. (Getz, 2008) Conservation and preservation Conservation states that there must be planned use of all the natural resources so that there will be no harm to the same. Conservation is directly related to the natural resources. The government and tourism department of Australia introduced many policies and strategies regarding the conservation and preservation of the natural resources (Deery, Jago, 2009). Some other sustainability principles for development of tourism product are: There must be rehabilitation of the historic and existing buildings There must be transformation of the old building to the new buildings There must be conservation of natural resources There must be an introduction of planning procedures and also control centre There must be good management of the natural resources and environment All potential impacts environmental, social, political and economic Environmental Impact The environment has a huge impact on the development and growth of tourism industry of Australia. This could affect the business organizations that are dealing with tourism industry. Each and every tourism development has a consideration in the natural resources. It can be impact on the wildlife, natural resources, or culture of a country. The fact is that there must be sustainability in the tourism industry so that it cannot harm the tourism industry as well as natural resources. In this way, sustainable development in the tourism industry helps in positive development and protects the environment. Environment is the most crucial and effective impact on the tourism industry. It is not only for the Australian tourism but also for the other countrys tourism. There is a direct relation between the environment and tourism industry (Dwyer, et.al. 2009). In this way, it becomes difficult to impose plans, plan, policy, and project and propose mitigation actions on the tourism industry and its growth. The tourism industry has to focus on the above written issues that can be generated in the development of tourism industry. It becomes very difficult to impose plans and projects because there are various penalties that can be imposed if the natural resource and environment get affected due to the development of tourism industry (Woodside, Martin, 2008). Socio-Cultural Impact Tourism industry of Australia is facing many impacts due to socio- culture in some particular areas. These impacts are related to the culture and religious strength of the country. The host community of Australia is important part of the tourism industry of Australia. It can also be affected due to the living standard, life styles of the people living in Australia. The people of Australia do not want to impact their life due to the development of tourist destinations (Higgins, 2006). The social culture has also some positive impact on the tourism industry of Australia as they are equally influenced by the tourist and visitors. For example the living standards of the people of that country may rise due to employment opportunity, infrastructure, education, health care, income, etc. (Gooroochurn, Sugiyarto, 2005) It can be done through conservation o natural resource and heritage of the country, the plans must be imposed on the development of culture of the country. There must be social events that promote the soico-culture of Australia. There are some areas that must be revived through development available in the Australian tourism (Weaver, 2008). Political Impact The political instability creates a huge and negative impact on the development and growth of tourism industry. There are many affects that a political factor provides to the tourism of Australia. The instability in the political condition of Australia leads in decrease in the number of tourist. The attractiveness of the tourist industry is related to the politics of a particular region. If the country is safe and secure for the tourist, they get attracted towards the same. There is a direct relation between the politics and growth of tourism (Ko, 2005). Economic Impact The economy and economic conditions of a country like Australia has a strong impact on the tourism industry. It is observed that development in the tourist industry brings prosperity in the country. The food and beverage sectors, accommodations, hotels, retail sectors, recreation, entertainment sector, transportation etc, all are influenced by the tourism industry of Australia. The tourists have both direct and indirect impact on the economy of the country. It can be on the wages, salary, jobs, taxes, etc. Besides, all above there are various negative impact of the economy on the tourism sector. There are many plan laid by the government but they cannot be imposed due to the negative impacts (Wang, 2009). Community Collaboration Activities (community engagement) The communities of Australia are very much engaged in the growth and development of the tourist destination of Australia. They frame new plans and polices so that there is a growth in the tourism industry of Australia. It is observed that this country and its population are deeply attached with the tourism industry of the country. This is due to the fact that the major part of the income generation is takes place from the tourist sector of Australia (Laws, Prideaux, Chon, 2006). There are various activities performed by the Australia community to enhance the Australia tourism industry. The local communities of Australia contributed in performing the new and innovation plans set by the government of Australia. They contribute and help by maintain the natural resources. There are various plans framed by the Australian government like national landscape program work, experience development strategy, etc. which is a funding program. The programs focus on the generation of the funds that can help in the development of destinations (Lim, McAleer, 2005). Sustainability Plan An action plan for the development and growth of the tourism industry: There must be Promotion and advertisement of the destinations at national, regional and community levels. The development of destinations with the natural plan and according to the cultural environment takes place. It can be achieved through education, training, development and training programs. There must be development of tourism strategies plans that help in the promotion of environmentally, socially, culturally, and economically development. There must be management of strategic plans to safeguard the health authorities, security service, tourism operators, etc. these should be a well managed security system for the tourist like place, and safety guards (Leiper, 2008). The services provided to the tourist must be effective and good. The government of Australia should develop, adopt, and implement, the rules and regulation s to promote the responsibilities of the people of Australia. There are many bodies of government that collaborated with the private sectors and also with the local communities to formulate the criteria for the development of natural resources. The local communities now design and layout plans related to the tourist destinations. The elaborate the impact of environment and study the positive changes that can be made on the destinations. They impose duties and responsibilities to the people of Australia to suggest the changes that can be made to the famous destinations of Australia (Mansfeld, Pizam, 2006). The main focus of Australian government is on the promotion of sustainable development of tourism industry which will have positive impact. For this the government can combine with the: Technical support from the local communities Conduct research on the other countries who are in sustainable development Creating an information system Improvement in the infrastructure Implications of Host/Guest Relationship The host-guest relationship refers to a deep relation between the socio-cultural and different aspect of the tourism. This relationship establishes an effective and positive relation between the two parties and also brings trust and understating among the both. The tourism industry is achieving new targets in the market of tourism of entire world. There are four stages through which the host guest relations are passed that are through euphoria, through apathy and irritation to antagonism. In this way, by passing through all these four stages, the tourism of Australia perceived their costs (Martinez, 2005). According to this relationship, there is a particular lifecycle that is run through the tourism industry. The implication of this cycle leads to have clear results of the cost incurred in the destinations and also the revenues and profits earned by the particular destination of tourism. Stakeholder Analysis The stakeholders analysis refers to a situation in which a conflict resolution, management of project, business administration, etc. takes place. It is process to identify the groups and individuals who are directly or indirectly affects or may affected by the proposed actions plans of the tourism industry. The next step is to sort them out according to the impact of the actions or any future impact that will influence them. In other word, the stake holders are the people or group of people that may affect by the action and proposed plans of tourism industry. These types of analysis are takes place frequently (Tovar, Lockwood, 2008). There are various types of stakeholders of Australia tourism like primary stakeholders that are ultimately affected by the proposed plans and actions takes place in tourism. Stake holders can b national governments, local government, who have some specific competence in the tourism, tourism establishments, tourism enterprise institutions engaged, financing team, etc. The affect can be either negative or positive. The second type of secondary stakeholders is the intermediaries who are the people or group of people or organizations who may affect indirectly due to proposed plans. The third types of stake holders are key stakeholders who can belong to either first group or second group and they have an efficient and significant influence on the organization (Shackley, 2009). Development of Tourism Product The product development for the tourism industry of Australia refers to increase in the focus of provisions of experiences, development of destinations, services of tourism and infrastructures, etc. that help the tourist department to fulfill the needs and wants of the tourist that come to Australia. The main motive of product development refers to create value for the customers. It can be done through effective management of the tourist department and destinations (Moutinho, 2011). There must be sustainable development takes place in the tourism industry. It is related to the protection of the natural environment and the culture of the country. There must be focus on the pollution and other factors that create a negative impact on the environment of the country. There must be development of hotels and restaurants to attract a huge group of tourist from all over the world. Product development also mean to develop the other related factors to tourism like hotels, travel agencies, transportation infrastructure of the country, etc. (Theobald, 2005) In this way, by using such techniques, the Australia tourism can be developed that results in product development of the organizations. This will result in number of tourist, revenues, export, foreign exchanges, name and fame in the international markets of tourism, profits, employement opportunities, etc. (Ng, Lee, Soutar, 2007) Conclusion At last a conclusion of the present report is that the tourism industry of Australia is very effective and efficient. The plans laid out by the Australia tourism government are very successful and promoting the tourism industry to the entire world. Though, there are many problems faced by the tourism industry of Australia like social, economic, cultural, political, etc. still than the industry is trying hard to maintain their tourism destinations. There are various sustainability plans framed by the government of Australia. The results of those plans are very impactful on the tourist industry. Most of the population of Australia is involved in the tourism industry, they are earning good amount of income and revenues due to this industry. The tourism industry of Australia is very powerful in making new and innovative changes. They innovations reflect that the needs and wants of the customers are fulfilling who came to visit the Australian destinations. The strong economy of Australia is generated by employment opportunities, foreign exchange, income and tax revenues to the government and people of Australia. So it is clear that the tourism sector is one of the most internationalized and globalized sector of the worlds economy. There is an expansion in the world tourism market that is directly influencing the tourism market of Australia and adding considerably to the growth and potential development. It is also bringing a great competition between the various tourism countries. References Anderson, B. A. (2006). Crisis management in the Australian tourism industry: Preparedness, personnel and postscript.Tourism Management,27(6), 1290-1297. Blackstock, K. (2005). A critical look at community based tourism.Community Development Journal,40(1), 39-49. Butler, R., Hinch, T. (2007).Tourism and indigenous peoples: Issues and implications. Routledge. Deery, M., Jago, L. (2009). A framework for work-life balance practices: Addressing the needs of the tourism industry.Tourism and Hospitality Research,9(2), 97-108. Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., Scott, N. (2009). Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future.Tourism management,30(1), 63-74. Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research.Tourism management,29(3), 403-428. Gooroochurn, N., Sugiyarto, G. (2005). Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry.Tourism Economics,11(1), 25-43. Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2006). More than an industry: The forgotten power of tourism as a social force.Tourism management,27(6), 1192-1208. Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: a conceptual approach.Tourism management,26(3), 431-445. Laws, E., Prideaux, B., Chon, K. S. (Eds.). (2006).Crisis management in tourism. Cabi. Leiper, N. (2008). Why the tourism industryis misleading as a generic expression: The case for the plural variation,tourism industries.Tourism Management,29(2), 237-251. Lim, C., McAleer, M. (2005). Ecologically sustainable tourism management.Environmental Modelling Software,20(11), 1431-1438. Mansfeld, Y., Pizam, A. (Eds.). (2006).Tourism, security and safety. Routledge. Martinez-Fernandez, M. C., Martinez-Fernandez, M. C. (2005).Knowledge-Intensive Service Activities (KISA) in innovation of the tourism industry in Australia. University of Western Sydney. Moutinho, L. (Ed.). (2011).Strategic management in tourism. Cabi. Ng, S. I., Lee, J. A., Soutar, G. N. (2007). Tourists intention to visit a country: The impact of cultural distance.Tourism Management,28(6), 1497-1506. Shackley, M. (2009).Visitor management. Routledge. Theobald, W. F. (Ed.). (2005).Global tourism. Routledge. Tovar, C., Lockwood, M. (2008). Social impacts of tourism: An Australian regional case study.International journal of tourism research,10(4), 365-378. Wang, Y. S. (2009). The impact of crisis events and macroeconomic activity on Taiwan's international inbound tourism demand.Tourism Management,30(1), 75-82. Weaver, D. B. (2008).Ecotourism. https://au. wiley. com/WileyCDA/. Woodside, A. G., Martin, D. (Eds.). (2008).Tourism management: analysis, behaviour and strategy. Cabi.

Contemporary issues in Multimedia and IT

Ethics are the principles that dictate right and wrong, and act as agents of decision making guidelines of behavior. On the other hand, laws are rules developed by an administrative system to combat crime. Most ethical issues are consequences of individuals trying to make decisions within or without the law that govern a system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary issues in Multimedia and IT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When computers were first invented , scientists said that the whole of America would only need six computers for its operations. A couple of decades later, information highway has grown so fast that every household at least owns a computer. Computers have evolved from the bulky gadgets they used to be, to pocket size gadgets, making it easier for individuals to own. Businesses are run easily through computers, for instance shopping malls and food joints have created sites through whic h people can select items and have them delivered to them. Marketing has been made easier as consultants don’t have to meet with their clients face to face. Introduction of e-learning in most academic institutions has helped create more learning opportunities while saving time and space. Academic research by students has been simplified because they no longer need to carry bulky books. Besides, many job opportunities have been created for information technology specialists. Just like any inventions, Information technology has its merits and demerits. Therefore, it is in order for governments to come up with strategies to regulate the use of information technology gadgets as a precautionary measure against information technology stress caused by security breach in the private or public network systems. Though the invention of internet networking has facilitated the transformation of the world into a global village, eminent threats on security of information systems is real. Th us, this reflective treatise analyses contemporary issues in information technology and multimedia. A big wave of positive change was seen in various fields such as education, business, and politics among others. Unfortunately, Criminals saw this as an opportunity for fraudulent deals. For instance, hackers, crackers and stalkers took advantage of this wave of change to unlawfully access private information that could harm companies (Moore, 2006, pp.101-105). In response, the government introduced the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. As stipulated by this law, trespassers of protected computers were to be prosecuted. The CFAA merged with the National Information Infrastructure Act to create a compact regulatory law on information technology. Given that dependence levels on technology have increased, the advances in data storage have made the process cheaper, hence are used by local retail firms to identify customers.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you ! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the, major search firms such as Google, yahoo, and messenger generates more than 200million searches per year. Therefore, a lot of information can be found about an individual through their profiles and blogs. Information perceived as private can viewed in public social sites. This heightens ethical concerns because a lot of information is out and can be misused. These laws made it illegal for any unauthorized person to access private computer network for financial gains. CFAA in its current jurisdiction protects users and operators against computer related crimes such as obtaining national security information through illegal entry into Federal computers with the aim of harming the state, and for the benefit of another state. This law is punishable whether information was acquired or not. Besides, the law is clear on the illegal entry of a protected computer to access financial or credit information, including cr edit card fraud (Solove and Schwartz, 2009, p. 43). Moreover, unauthorized access of any protected computer used by the Federal government or the government computer agencies is also included. It can be considered as treason if one is found hacking into the state’s security systems. Since data has become easily accessible, government security agencies have come up with detailed and advanced security systems. They can obtain information on suspects of terrorism and security threat. In the automated scan systems, possession of illegal weapon, drugs, and other material perceive harmful to the public can be detected. At global level, intentionally damaging, either through corrupting by viruses or physical destruction of a protected computer and worms program that can make information disappear or even disable a system intentionally is punishable in the International Law Court. Physical destruction includes trashing or removing some parts of the machine to put a halt to normal fun ctioning ability (Solove and Schwartz, 2009, p. 50). Illegal trafficking of passwords or any other information which can be used to gain access to a protected computer for whatsoever purpose is illegal. This law was mainly put to stop the hackers from cracking passwords and accessing information systems for information, and using them to corrupt the information systems. The above laws makes it illegal for one to access information without permission from the owner, the operator or the management information system, especially information on business operations or national defense. This covered all the data on atomic weapons manufacture and storage in the United States (Solove and Schwartz, 2009, p. 55).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary issues in Multimedia and IT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The electronic communications privacy act is a law which was passed to regulate efficiency of Information technology. This law makes it illegal to tap information without authorization. Besides, it protects information transmitted through wire, radio, electromagnetic waves, and optical wave tracks that affect business transactions of the state. Cyber Security Enhancement Act was passed together with the Homeland Security Act to increase penalties set in the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. CSEA reduced the thoroughness of privacy and made it easier for the ISP to hand over information to the government whenever the relevant authority suspects unlawful dealing in the local networks. This law passed harsh punishment on persons who knowingly committed computer crimes that resulted in physical injury or even death (Solove and Schwartz, 2009, p. 53).Those who have established their careers in business, should sensitize their employees ICT departments to safeguard the quality of the systems and hence protecting privacy of society. The digital millennium copyright act mainly protects programs and soft wares against piracy. This law was put in place to help people who operated their businesses online from having their products duplicated. This law promotes the sale of soft wares and programs that help parents control what their children view in the interne (Tim and Paul, 2004, p.46). Traditional laws can also be used to prosecute crimes committed on computers. For instance, Economic Espionage Act makes it illegal for one to steal information or ideas from another business through copyright or duplication for any reasons whatsoever. This law also spells out the boundaries of benefitting from other information systems in place by either competitors or perceived rival. The Virginia internet policy act advocates for freedom of information, penalties on persons who commit computer crimes, and protection of children from explicit pornographic materials and indecent images on the internet. Before, children were used by perverts to boost business and the websites at the expense of t heir rights. Another law is the software privacy and control act. This act deals with the criminals who register online under false identity, and commit online fraudulent crimes on the domain receptor. However, providing false information without getting involved in criminal activities is excused (Tim and Paul, 2004, p.46).Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the numerous efforts by the government, internet criminals somehow find a new route in committing cyber crimes frequently. Factually, it is not very easy to detect a cyber crime until its consequences surface. Smarter hacking minds have developed complex ideas of invading the snares and traps constantly revised by the government information technology experts (Warren and Louis, 1989, pp.89-97). Even the most secured sites such as that of the homeland security and Microsoft report numerous attempts of hacking on their websites. Funnily, some of these crimes are only meant o draw attention and disapprove the security system of the targeted sites. In the recent part, a group in America threatened to close down face book site for what they called breach of personal privacy and stalking by the government. Hackers have decided to corrupt the system with graphic images, just for satisfaction of having control over this global site (Trout, 2007, p.43). This however does not mean tha t we are completely hopeless against finding solutions to deal with these intelligent minds who find pleasure in putting a halt to global growth and development on the facets of information exchange. The existing laws may not be perfect, by some how are effective in minimizing the intensity of information system abuse. In the recent past, many successful abuse cases have passed through the court system on sms or email abuse. Governments still deal with threats to life and properties sent via email, as punishable under traditional laws. Governments also need to introduce e-governance, like in Bangladesh, which make control and review of laws of the internet much easier to implement. Through this, governments will easily deal with the increasing innovative techniques of web piracy hacking and cracking (Tim and Paul, 2004, p.49). The implementation of these laws may be hindered by administrative obstacles. For instance, lack of trust and faith on a government by its citizens may make f ighting cyber crime a hectic procedure. Due to this, citizens may shy away from reporting instances of cyber crimes committed or fail to cooperate with the authority in investigations. However, the overhead cost of adopting e-governance is very heavy on most governments. With the current unfavorable economic climate, the priorities of most governments are to ensure costs of any project are within manageable limits. Besides, there is an inadequate specialized skill in information technology across the globe to monitor and constantly track the ever complex crimes undergoing metamorphosis. Reference List Moore, R. (2006) Cybercrime: Investigating High-Technology Computer Crime, 1st ed., Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson Publishing Solove, D. and Schwartz, P. (2009) Privacy, Information, and Technology, 2nd Ed., New York, NY: Aspen Publishers Tim, J, and Paul, T. (2004) Hacktivism and Cyberwars, Alabama: Routledge Trout, B. (2007) Cyber Law: A Legal Arsenal for Online Business, New York: World Audience, Inc. Warren, R. and Louis, B. (1989) The Right to Privacy, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 193., Massachusetts: Harvard University Publications This essay on Contemporary issues in Multimedia and IT was written and submitted by user Giant Man to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Joseph Cambell & Our Lack of Myth essays

Joseph Cambell & Our Lack of Myth essays Are we becoming grandmothers and grandfathers to a legacy of faceless nobodies who will one day populate this post-modern vacuum of human isolation? Do myths have the power to halt this cycle weve been sucked into? Are they a way of rekindling that fascination about life that the future is draining us of? Joseph Campbell would argue in the book The Power of Myth that yes, with a psychological interpretation of myths we can find meaning in our lives, or even more so, the experience of living. Myths are important to the betterment of society because, according to Campbell, they bolster the rituals that define it. Campbell says initiations and rituals are necessary to make one feel like part of a great social order. And what if that great order included everyone, if we were all a part of it? Then would we not all feel like a part of nothing? What good is it to be part of a club if everyone is in it? Campbell would argue that that is the lack of myth speaking. A unified world would be a "club" in the sense that it is a privilege to be a part of it. But with all of us in it as one, we are not all on the same level. Rites serve as a way of "promoting" us and defining our position in society. Without myth it is as though we are all wading aimlessly around in the same bowl of gumbo. When one goes through rituals and initiation rites, he first becomes a part of something bigger, and then also crosses a barrier of maturity. The latter is key. It is a natural desire to want to be accepted, and rituals serve as a segway to reaching that ultimate goal and achieving status. They mark the trans ition between two different roles in the community and lay emphasis on the value of their existence as it continues to progress. He states, ...kids have their own gangs and their own initiations and their own morality, and theyre doing the best they can. But theyre dangerous because their own laws are not those of the city. ...

Sustainable Development in Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Sustainable Development in Business - Case Study Example (Organisational Sustainability, n.d.) Andrew Mangan, an environmental entrepreneur promoted BPS or by-product synergy programs as a means to achieve the goals of sustainable development. It is a process that helps the companies to discover new ways in order to convert the waste products into saleable commodities. The goal of Mangan is actually twofold - to promote the wider adoption of BPS programs and also to create business out of helping the companies adopt such by-product synergy programs. (Anderson T., and Mackenzie S., n.d.) There has been a lot of research in the field of sustainable technology and design along with the adaptation of business tools, but in most of the instances, the well designed technologies fail to become broadly adopted, not due to the fact that there are flaws in the technology but due to the reason that there is inadequate sustainable method of servicing, distributing, and improving the technology. Any business needs start up capital in order to fund the design of technology and its development along with a self sustaining revenue stream, which would support the growth as well as be meaningful in terms of reducing pollution. The reason behind the development of EnviroFit International business model was to allow for the design, development along with the dissemination of environment friendly technologies all over the world. This model leverages the participation of the local in country stakeholders in order to ease acceptance and the implementation of RetroFit technology. The key components of this model are using donations for the development of technology as well as operating profits from the product sales to growth, support operations, emissions trading, microfinance and also local partnerships. This business model is till in progress and is executing the business plan along with reducing the perceived risks, by making progress against the value setting milestones like raising investment capital, field tests and developing important partners in supply chain; these would increase the credibility of the business model and also its management. This business model would be highly beneficial for those environmental technologies that lack necessary profit margins in order to make them attractive to the traditional for-profit model. This would provide sufficient margins in order to sustain a particular enterprise without continued infusions of donations or capital. This business model would also in effective in reducing the environmental pollution. (Hudnut P., B auer T. and Lorenz N., n.d.) Triple Bottom Line was originated among the investors seeking a way of putting their money in those enterprises that are economically profitable, socially just and environmentally sound. It is the need of the time to model the systems properties or the ecological characteristic of various domains of productivity and also to design the institutions of monetary and financial services, which can optimize the productivity in these domains. The theory and the institutions should base on the concepts of triple bottom line. The concept of

Letter to investor + MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK (by region) Essay

Letter to investor + MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK (by region) - Essay Example As compass helps a sailor in sailing to the right direction, our portfolio also helps the invested funds to move towards appropriate path of earning higher returns. Thus we expect that our portfolio is going to excel the benchmark and will beat the benchmark in near future. Our aim is to hit the MSCI benchmark that is our benchmark. We follow the strategy of efficiently allocating invested funds by investing largely in large or medium cap business enterprises. Our key strategy is to direct the funds towards value stocks as the time period of this portfolio is very short, only one year. This short time horizon does not allow us to put our prime focus on growth stocks. However, it does not mean that we never invested in growth stocks. In fact, we have invested in the growth stocks of Information Technology industry as it shows the best opportunity. We attempt to invest in defensive stocks to avoid cyclical economic fluctuations. It will take some time for the global economy to recover fully from the shock of the recent recession. Defensive stocks are able to generate higher returns than others during troubled times. In terms of geographic segmentation of invested funds, we efficiently divided our funds between the USA, Europe and the rest of the world. Since the USA is the largest economy of the world and it is recovering at a very fast pace, majority of funds is invested in the USA. The second largest part of the funds goes to European nations as they are performing better than the other countries of the world after the USA. The rest of the world gets the remaining funds. Again, thank you for investing with us. Sincerely Xxxxx MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK United States The Unites States is the economic superpower of the world. But the recent economic recession was originated in this country. U.S.A has always been a dominant economic power in the world and it accounts for approximately 21 percent of the world economy. U.S. economic recession was held responsible for the global economic downturn as U.S. economy always influences economies of other countries in a major way. The major factor that has caused this huge economic downturn in U.S.A. was a huge credit crisis. The credit crisis is held responsible for the closure of a number of investment banks across the world. This credit crisis actually originated from the U.S. home loan market. This credit crisis was triggered by busting of a housing market bubble in 2006. The prices of housing started to fall rapidly since 2006 and the market collapsed. The fall continued throughout 2007 and 2008. With the starting of the year of 2008, U.S. sub prime-mortgage market started to encounter several problems, which appeared to be difficult to deal with. These resulted in an application of huge correction in this market, which had great implications for making credits more costly across the world. With the implementation of this correction, a large number of banks of the America, European countries as well a s of Asia had been forced to write down billions of dollars in their holdings. More shocking thing was that a number of well-established and reputed banks like Lehman Brothers had to file for bankruptcy. The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers is considered to be the biggest ever case of bankruptcy in the history of U.S. Since 2008, more than 80 firms in U.S.A. only have filed for bankruptcy and a large number of firms have appealed to the government for financial

Discussing Causes Of Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay

Discussing Causes Of Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay Climate has a great influence over our lives. All our normal routine actions are according to the climate we are living in. However the climate has been changing from past few decades, which in turn is changing our living patterns and thus, has made this world a more puzzled place to live in. In this essay the causes of climate change would be discussed, which are divided into two categories, either the climate is changing due to natural reasons or is forced to change by the human activities. Naturally, the climate change is said to occur because of various reasons, mainly because of volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the solar variations, the earths orbital change, and by many other natural reasons, which in turn produces various greenhouse gasses and in the end results into global warming. On the other hand, carbon emission done by humans is the greatest factor leading to global warming and then to climate change. Other activities like, chemicals used in agriculture, deforestation and other uses of energy in households also contribute in the greenhouse effect. Climate can be defined as the long term weather conditions for a region, generally determined by 30 or more years of records. On contrast weather can be defined as the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. Moreover, the Green House effect is naturally in which certain atmospheric gases absorbs long wave radiation from the Earths surface which in the end results in heating the earths surface and the atmosphere. Hence global warming can be defined as the increase of Earths average temperature which in then results into climate change. (Glossary: Nasa). The Debate: There is no doubt about the fact that the Earths climate has become warmer over the twentieth century, however, there is still a dispute about whether the temperature increase is due to natural reasons or because of human activities. Two groups of UK scientists have recently investigated both types of effect. Mike Lockwood and colleagues at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) argue that the Suns magnetic field has doubled over the century, and that this natural force of solar system has affected the earths climate (Nature  399:437). On the other hand Simon Tett and colleagues from the UKs Meteorological Office in Reading and RAL argue that while solar forcing may have added to climate change, however, human activities have also been responsible for the temperature changes from many years (Nature  399:569). It has been stated that the Earths average global temperature has increased by 0.6 Kelvin in the past 100 years. Four main processes that can affect the Earths climate hav e been evaluated. Two of these are said to be small aerosol particles from volcanic eruptions and changes in solar luminosity. The other two, sulphate aerosols and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, are due to increasing industrialization, in particular the burning of forests and fossil fuels. Lockwood and colleagues found that the total magnetic flux leaving the Sun has risen by a factor of 1.4 since 1964. Their results could provide support for the theory that changes in the solar wind could contribute to  climate change. The solar wind and the Suns magnetic field are very well linked with each other. According to the theory charged particles in the solar wind would deflect high-energy cosmic rays that would otherwise have ionized the Earths lower atmosphere, leading to the formation of clouds. Since cloud cover determines the amount of solar radiation reflected by the Earth back into space, a more powerful solar wind implies less cloud cover which, in turn, suggests that the Earth would warm up. However, the paper by Tett and colleagues suggests that natural effects alone cannot account for the pattern of temperature change observed over the past 50 years. They used the HadCM2 computer model to predict the Earths global temperature during five overlapping 50-year periods (1906-56, 1916-1966,), and then compared the results with observations. The program models both the oceans and the atmosphere, and also allows for changes in greenhouse emissions, surface albedo (i.e. reflectivity), volcanic aerosols and solar irradiance. They ran the programmers with a number of different solar models, including one that matched the effects highlighted by Lockwood. The results were similar for all cases: it is not possible to distinguish between the contributions of human activity and natural variations to global warming in the first half of the century, but after 1946 increases in the concentration of man-made greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols was the dominan t effect. (News: Physics World, 1999) Climate Change Human Activities the Cause, Mea Culpa! But Consider 1816, the Year Without Summer! The whole world seems to be getting involved with the facts of Global warming and Climate change. Nobel prizes were awarded to the UNs IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Al Gore several years ago, followed by the Kyoto Protocol Climate Change Conference of 1997, and finally President Obama led leaders of 192 nations in agreement with its principles, promising heavy financial compensations to third world nations. Scientists have calculated that emissions of carbon dioxide by human activities amount to perhaps 30 billion tons per year because of various factors including fossil fuel burning, cement production, gas flaring, industrial operations and breathing etc. They also estimate that volcanic eruptions can on average emit about one-forty-five to two-fifty-five million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per year. This seems to specify that human activities may release perhaps 100 times the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by volcanoes, thus, this seems to be a realistic base for the universal concern, which is that human activities have a great negative impact on the climate of Earth. However, it seems like that nature itself is trying to make things worse as firstly admitting furor at Copenhagen by world leaders and President Obama in support of Global Warming then along came the coldest winter in recent decades. Then finally when Obamas EPA poised to levy severe pollutant restrictions and harsh financial penalties on American industry, a volcanic eruption in Iceland devastated the air-transport industry by closing down almost all flights over Europe for a week, which led to bankrupting major airlines, with absent bail-outs by governments. The major natural catastrophes: the recent eruption of Icelands Eyjafjallajokull volcano along with many other including Krakatau, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, or cyclical changing of atmosphere of ocean, should be enough to warn decision-makers about climate change effects. After experiencing the incident of the Iceland volcano eruption, other than man-kind activities in the reference to global warming and climate change seems warranted. The summer of 1816 is considered to be one of the coldest on record which is studied by many weather scientists. The year is known as the Year without a summer. It is also known as the Poverty Year, due to widespread destruction of crops. Severe climate oddity during the summer destroyed crops in Northern Europe, Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada, and average global temperature decrease was sufficient enough to cause many agricultural failures around the world. The most likely cause of the severe climate change seems therefore, to be the volcanic influences because greatly increased volcanic activity causes immense amounts of ash and dust to be blown and trapped high in the atmosphere, which in turn cause increased reflection of solar radiation (instead of absorption at the Earths surface), resulting in globally decreased te mperatures on Earth. Therefore human activities seem minor and insignificant relative to the power of Nature. (Kolom) How do we know that atmospheric build-up of green house gases is due to human activities? Four lines of evidence prove conclusively that the recent buildup of carbon dioxide take place largely from human activities. The nucleus of carbon atoms in carbon dioxide released by burning coal, oil, and natural gas (fossil fuels) vary in their characteristics from the nucleus of carbon atoms in carbon dioxide emitted under natural conditions. Tens of millions of years ago, coal, oil, and natural gas were formed, and the portion of their nucleus, that was once radioactive, has long ago changed to non- radioactive carbon. However the carbon dioxide released from natural sources on the Earths surface holds a measurable radioactive portion. As carbon dioxide has been emitted through fossil fuel combustion, the radioactive fraction of carbon in the atmosphere has decreased. Forty years ago scientists provided the first direct evidence that burning of fossil fuels was causing a buildup of carbon dioxide and thus reducing radioactive carbon in the atmosphere by measuring the decreasing portion of radioactive carbon-14 captured in tree rings, each year between 1800 and 1950. Moreover, scientists began making accurate measurements of the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in any countries by late 1950s. Their data show convincingly that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased each year worldwide and these increases are dependable with other estimates of the rise of carbon dioxide emissions due to human activity over this period. In 1980, third evidence was added that the ice buried below the surface of the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps contains bubbles of air trapped when the ice originally formed. These samples of fossil air have been retrieved by drilling deep into the ice. Measurements from the youngest and most shallow segments of the ice cores produced carbon dioxide awareness to those that were measured directly in the atmosphere at the time the ice formed. But the older parts of the cores show that carbon dioxide amounts were about 25% lo wer than today for the ten thousand years previous to the onset of industrialization. The final evidence comes from the geographic pattern of carbon dioxide measured in air. Observations show that there is slightly more carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. The difference arises because most of the human activities that produce carbon dioxide are in the north and it takes about a year for northern hemispheric emissions to circulate through the atmosphere and reach southern latitudes. (Programme, 1997) Discussion: The debate on climate change is as what really caused the climate to vary with time and which affected us adversely. Some say that climate is changed by natural factors like ocean currents or volcanoes while others deny this fact and try to prove the point that human activities have forced the climate to change. I support the second opinion, human activities indeed made the climate to change and result into global warming. The concentration of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from 290ppm in 1880 to 352ppm in 1989 which can be concluded as the 20% increase. This increase is almost certainly a result of human activities (Ruddiman,2003). There has been seen a sufficient increase in the emission of Greenhouse gases due to human activities. For example methane has an estimated rate of emission from human activity on the planet which is 375 million tons per year. For carbon dioxide, there is also an estimated rate of emission from human activity which is 7100 million tons per year. The anthropogenic emissions of these two gases are easier to estimate, because we know approximately how much oil, coal, and natural gas humans produce for consumption around the world each year. We also know approximately how much forest is burned and converted to agriculture each year. According to The state of the environment published in 1991 by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, human activities emit about 68 million tones of nitrogen oxides, 99 million tons of sulfur oxides, 177 million tons of carbon monoxide, and 57 million tones of particulates (dust). However, all these numbers are very approximate. On the o ther hand, sulfur oxides have been found to slightly counteract the greenhouse effect caused by other gases. Still, sulfur oxides are very harmful to the environment and are best known for causing acid rain. Carbon monoxide doesnt contribute to the greenhouse effect, but has significant effects on atmospheric chemistry. Dust is generally thought to cool the atmosphere close to Earths surface, but this effect depends on various factors, including the size and color of the dust particles. (Davis, 2004) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific body set up by the UN to look at climate change. It says that human activity is the main cause of the changes seen in climate. Recent reports from the  IPCC have concluded that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is  very likely  due to the observed increase in  anthropogenic greenhouse gas  concentrations. From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic  forcing  due to greenhouse gases,  aerosols, and  land surface changes, it is  extremely likely  that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. (Uk governements digital service: DirectGov) The most important factor for the climate change is the speeding up of greenhouse effect by manmade activities, which is usually known as Global Warming. Basically, the Greenhouse effect is naturally caused by the emissions of gases like nitrous oxide, carbon-dioxide, methane, ozone and water vapor.  However, anthropogenic activities like burning the fossil fuels and deforestation makes the greenhouse effect stronger. Which means more heat is trapped and the Earths climate begins to change unnaturally. The fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) are burned for various human activities mainly used for transportation, manufacturing, heating, cooling, electricity generation etc. this can be summed up after the industrial revolution, in 18th century, and more of the fossil fuels were being burned frequently. Therefore, manmade gases were being emitted into the atmosphere, mostly in the form of carbon dioxide emissions, from the burning activity. These gases speed up the greenhouse effect, forcing the climate to change. Another factor forced the climate to change and resulted into global warming is the act of deforestation.   Deforestation increases the amount of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere. Also, due to the disappearance of trees, photosynthesis cannot take place which lowers the oxygen level in the atmosphere. Deforestation is rampant today due to the increase in human civilization. The levels of deforestation have increased by about nine percent in recent times. Moreover, the burning of wood also causes it to decay, therefore releasing more carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere, and carbon-dioxide being the main culprit in global warming increases. Another man-made cause of the increase in the Green house effect due to the emission of such gases is the use of any electrical appliances. Even the refrigerator in the house emits gases which contribute to the Greenhouse effect. These gases are known as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and are used in refrigerators, aerosol cans, and some foaming agents in the packaging industry, fire extinguisher chemicals and cleaners used in the electronic industry. Some processes of the cement manufacturing industries also act as a cause towards the Greenhouse effect.   Population growth also is an indirect contributor and one of the causes of the Greenhouse effect. With the increase in population, the needs and wants of the people increase. Therefore, this increases the manufacturing processes as well as the industry processes. This results in the increase of the release of industrial gases which catalyze the green house effect. The increase in population also results in the increase of agricultural processes. Most man-made machines, like the automobile also contribute to the green house effect. In one of the recent articles global warming has been linked with the recent natural disasters. As almost fourteen million people have been affected by the torrential rains in Pakistan,  making it a more serious humanitarian disaster than the South Asian tsunami and recent earthquakes in Kashmir and Haiti combined. The disaster was driven by a supercharged jet stream that has also caused floods in China and a prolonged heat wave in Russia. Which comes after flash floods in France and Eastern Europe killed more than 30 people over the summer. Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, vice-president of the body set up by the UN to monitor global warming, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), said the dramatic weather patterns are consistent with changes in the climate caused by mankind. These are events which reproduce and intensify in a climate disturbed by greenhouse gas pollution, he said, Extreme events are one of the ways in which climatic changes become dramatically visible. Professor Andrew Watson, a climatologist at the University of East Anglia, which was at the centre of last years climate gate scandal, said the extreme events are fairly consistent with the IPCC reports and what 99 per cent of the scientists believe to be happening. Im quite sure that the increased frequency of these kinds of summers over the last few decades is linked to climate change, he said. (Gray) However , authors such as  Lean and Rind (1996)  believe that, although natural factors may be the reason for most temperature increase before the Industrial Revolution, the most likely cause of climate change since about 1850is the growing concentration of greenhouse gases as the net atmospheric temperature increase, or forcing is largely due to human (anthropogenic) activities .Interestingly, particulate emissions from volcanoes produce a net decrease in global temperatures, due to the reflective properties (albedo) of the sulfate aerosol particles formed in the stratosphere. (Bianchi, 2010) Conclusion: The earths climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle but the anthropogenic activities make this cycle speed up unnaturally that create problems in the atmosphere as either the earth gets oddly warmer or the people have to face natural disasters. However if man has created all these problems, he should also try to make things better by finding practical solutions.