Discussing Causes Of Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay

Discussing Causes Of Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay Climate has a great influence over our lives. All our normal routine actions are according to the climate we are living in. However the climate has been changing from past few decades, which in turn is changing our living patterns and thus, has made this world a more puzzled place to live in. In this essay the causes of climate change would be discussed, which are divided into two categories, either the climate is changing due to natural reasons or is forced to change by the human activities. Naturally, the climate change is said to occur because of various reasons, mainly because of volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the solar variations, the earths orbital change, and by many other natural reasons, which in turn produces various greenhouse gasses and in the end results into global warming. On the other hand, carbon emission done by humans is the greatest factor leading to global warming and then to climate change. Other activities like, chemicals used in agriculture, deforestation and other uses of energy in households also contribute in the greenhouse effect. Climate can be defined as the long term weather conditions for a region, generally determined by 30 or more years of records. On contrast weather can be defined as the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. Moreover, the Green House effect is naturally in which certain atmospheric gases absorbs long wave radiation from the Earths surface which in the end results in heating the earths surface and the atmosphere. Hence global warming can be defined as the increase of Earths average temperature which in then results into climate change. (Glossary: Nasa). The Debate: There is no doubt about the fact that the Earths climate has become warmer over the twentieth century, however, there is still a dispute about whether the temperature increase is due to natural reasons or because of human activities. Two groups of UK scientists have recently investigated both types of effect. Mike Lockwood and colleagues at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) argue that the Suns magnetic field has doubled over the century, and that this natural force of solar system has affected the earths climate (Nature  399:437). On the other hand Simon Tett and colleagues from the UKs Meteorological Office in Reading and RAL argue that while solar forcing may have added to climate change, however, human activities have also been responsible for the temperature changes from many years (Nature  399:569). It has been stated that the Earths average global temperature has increased by 0.6 Kelvin in the past 100 years. Four main processes that can affect the Earths climate hav e been evaluated. Two of these are said to be small aerosol particles from volcanic eruptions and changes in solar luminosity. The other two, sulphate aerosols and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, are due to increasing industrialization, in particular the burning of forests and fossil fuels. Lockwood and colleagues found that the total magnetic flux leaving the Sun has risen by a factor of 1.4 since 1964. Their results could provide support for the theory that changes in the solar wind could contribute to  climate change. The solar wind and the Suns magnetic field are very well linked with each other. According to the theory charged particles in the solar wind would deflect high-energy cosmic rays that would otherwise have ionized the Earths lower atmosphere, leading to the formation of clouds. Since cloud cover determines the amount of solar radiation reflected by the Earth back into space, a more powerful solar wind implies less cloud cover which, in turn, suggests that the Earth would warm up. However, the paper by Tett and colleagues suggests that natural effects alone cannot account for the pattern of temperature change observed over the past 50 years. They used the HadCM2 computer model to predict the Earths global temperature during five overlapping 50-year periods (1906-56, 1916-1966,), and then compared the results with observations. The program models both the oceans and the atmosphere, and also allows for changes in greenhouse emissions, surface albedo (i.e. reflectivity), volcanic aerosols and solar irradiance. They ran the programmers with a number of different solar models, including one that matched the effects highlighted by Lockwood. The results were similar for all cases: it is not possible to distinguish between the contributions of human activity and natural variations to global warming in the first half of the century, but after 1946 increases in the concentration of man-made greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols was the dominan t effect. (News: Physics World, 1999) Climate Change Human Activities the Cause, Mea Culpa! But Consider 1816, the Year Without Summer! The whole world seems to be getting involved with the facts of Global warming and Climate change. Nobel prizes were awarded to the UNs IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Al Gore several years ago, followed by the Kyoto Protocol Climate Change Conference of 1997, and finally President Obama led leaders of 192 nations in agreement with its principles, promising heavy financial compensations to third world nations. Scientists have calculated that emissions of carbon dioxide by human activities amount to perhaps 30 billion tons per year because of various factors including fossil fuel burning, cement production, gas flaring, industrial operations and breathing etc. They also estimate that volcanic eruptions can on average emit about one-forty-five to two-fifty-five million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere per year. This seems to specify that human activities may release perhaps 100 times the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by volcanoes, thus, this seems to be a realistic base for the universal concern, which is that human activities have a great negative impact on the climate of Earth. However, it seems like that nature itself is trying to make things worse as firstly admitting furor at Copenhagen by world leaders and President Obama in support of Global Warming then along came the coldest winter in recent decades. Then finally when Obamas EPA poised to levy severe pollutant restrictions and harsh financial penalties on American industry, a volcanic eruption in Iceland devastated the air-transport industry by closing down almost all flights over Europe for a week, which led to bankrupting major airlines, with absent bail-outs by governments. The major natural catastrophes: the recent eruption of Icelands Eyjafjallajokull volcano along with many other including Krakatau, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, or cyclical changing of atmosphere of ocean, should be enough to warn decision-makers about climate change effects. After experiencing the incident of the Iceland volcano eruption, other than man-kind activities in the reference to global warming and climate change seems warranted. The summer of 1816 is considered to be one of the coldest on record which is studied by many weather scientists. The year is known as the Year without a summer. It is also known as the Poverty Year, due to widespread destruction of crops. Severe climate oddity during the summer destroyed crops in Northern Europe, Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada, and average global temperature decrease was sufficient enough to cause many agricultural failures around the world. The most likely cause of the severe climate change seems therefore, to be the volcanic influences because greatly increased volcanic activity causes immense amounts of ash and dust to be blown and trapped high in the atmosphere, which in turn cause increased reflection of solar radiation (instead of absorption at the Earths surface), resulting in globally decreased te mperatures on Earth. Therefore human activities seem minor and insignificant relative to the power of Nature. (Kolom) How do we know that atmospheric build-up of green house gases is due to human activities? Four lines of evidence prove conclusively that the recent buildup of carbon dioxide take place largely from human activities. The nucleus of carbon atoms in carbon dioxide released by burning coal, oil, and natural gas (fossil fuels) vary in their characteristics from the nucleus of carbon atoms in carbon dioxide emitted under natural conditions. Tens of millions of years ago, coal, oil, and natural gas were formed, and the portion of their nucleus, that was once radioactive, has long ago changed to non- radioactive carbon. However the carbon dioxide released from natural sources on the Earths surface holds a measurable radioactive portion. As carbon dioxide has been emitted through fossil fuel combustion, the radioactive fraction of carbon in the atmosphere has decreased. Forty years ago scientists provided the first direct evidence that burning of fossil fuels was causing a buildup of carbon dioxide and thus reducing radioactive carbon in the atmosphere by measuring the decreasing portion of radioactive carbon-14 captured in tree rings, each year between 1800 and 1950. Moreover, scientists began making accurate measurements of the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in any countries by late 1950s. Their data show convincingly that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased each year worldwide and these increases are dependable with other estimates of the rise of carbon dioxide emissions due to human activity over this period. In 1980, third evidence was added that the ice buried below the surface of the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps contains bubbles of air trapped when the ice originally formed. These samples of fossil air have been retrieved by drilling deep into the ice. Measurements from the youngest and most shallow segments of the ice cores produced carbon dioxide awareness to those that were measured directly in the atmosphere at the time the ice formed. But the older parts of the cores show that carbon dioxide amounts were about 25% lo wer than today for the ten thousand years previous to the onset of industrialization. The final evidence comes from the geographic pattern of carbon dioxide measured in air. Observations show that there is slightly more carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere. The difference arises because most of the human activities that produce carbon dioxide are in the north and it takes about a year for northern hemispheric emissions to circulate through the atmosphere and reach southern latitudes. (Programme, 1997) Discussion: The debate on climate change is as what really caused the climate to vary with time and which affected us adversely. Some say that climate is changed by natural factors like ocean currents or volcanoes while others deny this fact and try to prove the point that human activities have forced the climate to change. I support the second opinion, human activities indeed made the climate to change and result into global warming. The concentration of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from 290ppm in 1880 to 352ppm in 1989 which can be concluded as the 20% increase. This increase is almost certainly a result of human activities (Ruddiman,2003). There has been seen a sufficient increase in the emission of Greenhouse gases due to human activities. For example methane has an estimated rate of emission from human activity on the planet which is 375 million tons per year. For carbon dioxide, there is also an estimated rate of emission from human activity which is 7100 million tons per year. The anthropogenic emissions of these two gases are easier to estimate, because we know approximately how much oil, coal, and natural gas humans produce for consumption around the world each year. We also know approximately how much forest is burned and converted to agriculture each year. According to The state of the environment published in 1991 by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, human activities emit about 68 million tones of nitrogen oxides, 99 million tons of sulfur oxides, 177 million tons of carbon monoxide, and 57 million tones of particulates (dust). However, all these numbers are very approximate. On the o ther hand, sulfur oxides have been found to slightly counteract the greenhouse effect caused by other gases. Still, sulfur oxides are very harmful to the environment and are best known for causing acid rain. Carbon monoxide doesnt contribute to the greenhouse effect, but has significant effects on atmospheric chemistry. Dust is generally thought to cool the atmosphere close to Earths surface, but this effect depends on various factors, including the size and color of the dust particles. (Davis, 2004) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific body set up by the UN to look at climate change. It says that human activity is the main cause of the changes seen in climate. Recent reports from the  IPCC have concluded that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is  very likely  due to the observed increase in  anthropogenic greenhouse gas  concentrations. From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic  forcing  due to greenhouse gases,  aerosols, and  land surface changes, it is  extremely likely  that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. (Uk governements digital service: DirectGov) The most important factor for the climate change is the speeding up of greenhouse effect by manmade activities, which is usually known as Global Warming. Basically, the Greenhouse effect is naturally caused by the emissions of gases like nitrous oxide, carbon-dioxide, methane, ozone and water vapor.  However, anthropogenic activities like burning the fossil fuels and deforestation makes the greenhouse effect stronger. Which means more heat is trapped and the Earths climate begins to change unnaturally. The fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) are burned for various human activities mainly used for transportation, manufacturing, heating, cooling, electricity generation etc. this can be summed up after the industrial revolution, in 18th century, and more of the fossil fuels were being burned frequently. Therefore, manmade gases were being emitted into the atmosphere, mostly in the form of carbon dioxide emissions, from the burning activity. These gases speed up the greenhouse effect, forcing the climate to change. Another factor forced the climate to change and resulted into global warming is the act of deforestation.   Deforestation increases the amount of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere. Also, due to the disappearance of trees, photosynthesis cannot take place which lowers the oxygen level in the atmosphere. Deforestation is rampant today due to the increase in human civilization. The levels of deforestation have increased by about nine percent in recent times. Moreover, the burning of wood also causes it to decay, therefore releasing more carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere, and carbon-dioxide being the main culprit in global warming increases. Another man-made cause of the increase in the Green house effect due to the emission of such gases is the use of any electrical appliances. Even the refrigerator in the house emits gases which contribute to the Greenhouse effect. These gases are known as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and are used in refrigerators, aerosol cans, and some foaming agents in the packaging industry, fire extinguisher chemicals and cleaners used in the electronic industry. Some processes of the cement manufacturing industries also act as a cause towards the Greenhouse effect.   Population growth also is an indirect contributor and one of the causes of the Greenhouse effect. With the increase in population, the needs and wants of the people increase. Therefore, this increases the manufacturing processes as well as the industry processes. This results in the increase of the release of industrial gases which catalyze the green house effect. The increase in population also results in the increase of agricultural processes. Most man-made machines, like the automobile also contribute to the green house effect. In one of the recent articles global warming has been linked with the recent natural disasters. As almost fourteen million people have been affected by the torrential rains in Pakistan,  making it a more serious humanitarian disaster than the South Asian tsunami and recent earthquakes in Kashmir and Haiti combined. The disaster was driven by a supercharged jet stream that has also caused floods in China and a prolonged heat wave in Russia. Which comes after flash floods in France and Eastern Europe killed more than 30 people over the summer. Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, vice-president of the body set up by the UN to monitor global warming, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), said the dramatic weather patterns are consistent with changes in the climate caused by mankind. These are events which reproduce and intensify in a climate disturbed by greenhouse gas pollution, he said, Extreme events are one of the ways in which climatic changes become dramatically visible. Professor Andrew Watson, a climatologist at the University of East Anglia, which was at the centre of last years climate gate scandal, said the extreme events are fairly consistent with the IPCC reports and what 99 per cent of the scientists believe to be happening. Im quite sure that the increased frequency of these kinds of summers over the last few decades is linked to climate change, he said. (Gray) However , authors such as  Lean and Rind (1996)  believe that, although natural factors may be the reason for most temperature increase before the Industrial Revolution, the most likely cause of climate change since about 1850is the growing concentration of greenhouse gases as the net atmospheric temperature increase, or forcing is largely due to human (anthropogenic) activities .Interestingly, particulate emissions from volcanoes produce a net decrease in global temperatures, due to the reflective properties (albedo) of the sulfate aerosol particles formed in the stratosphere. (Bianchi, 2010) Conclusion: The earths climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle but the anthropogenic activities make this cycle speed up unnaturally that create problems in the atmosphere as either the earth gets oddly warmer or the people have to face natural disasters. However if man has created all these problems, he should also try to make things better by finding practical solutions.

Presentation on Bioplastics :: Environment polypropylene renewable resources

Presentation on Bioplastics Bioplastics, What are they? * Compostable Plastics -or- * Any plastics-made from organisms (or Organism by-products). * Currently, there is much confusion over the definition of bioplastics Mixture of Acids that could be made into bioplastics Making Bioplastics, Etc. Goal of Bioplastic Production * To Save Resources by either reducing the production of standard Polypropylene plastics by replacing it with a less resource-intensive plastic. * Or Save the Environment by making plastics biodegradable * Or, both! Bioplastic degradation speed What are Scientists Doing Now? Several Different Exciting Methods are being tried right now! * Using Soy-based bioplastics * Using Bacteria to make bioplastics * Starch-based Bioplastics * Polylactide Bioplastics * Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Current Cost of Bioplastic Comparison Soy-based Bioplastics One of the hottest sections in bioplastics research today. Pure Soy Bioplastic has many undesirable traits. Mixtures of Soy with other substances are currently being attempted. The Soy shown Soy Protein Bacteria-based Bioplastics Steven Pratt of New Zealand (Major New Discovery) Mixture of bacteria can create acids when fermented. The ratio of different acids is based on pH. The bacteria are fed glucose solution and fermented. The acids can be used to make bioplastics Starch-Based * Make up about 50% of the current bioplastic market * Are used in pills that you take * Can be specificially tailored by adding different amounts of plasticizers * This is called â€Å"thermo-plastical starch† Polylactide Bioplastics * Lactic acid is turned into Polylactide by adding a catalyst and heat. * Polylactide bioplastics can be made on existing petroleum plastic equipment * Resembles plastic in properties Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate * A polyester * Easily biodegradable * Easily processed * Currently very expensive * Current interest is very high * Methylobacterium sp V49 is one bacteria that produces Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Challenges Facing Bioplastics * Economically Unfeasible * Biodegradability is a useful and a not-so-useful property

Commercial transactions essay

Therefore, she has no duty of care to Frank and Beeline, while Douglas Pity Ltd, as a professional company has a duty of care to them. Sub Issue 1. 3 and 1. 4: although Black was employed by Brown & Co, it can be reasonably assumed that he wasn't given actual authority to give advice to someone out of his accounting firm, nor was there any implied authority for Black to let him give advice on his employer's behalf. By the way, it was reasonable to expect that Frank and Beeline would act on Black, a professional accountant's advice to sign the purchase contract. Therefore Black has a duty of care o Frank and Beeline, but Brown & Co does not.Issue 2 & Sub Issue 2. 1 and 2. 2: Frank and Beeline cannot sue Marie, but they can make an action against Douglas Pity Ltd. If they can prove that Marie has provided negligent misstatement about the motel business, such as phone call records, they can ask Douglas Pity Ltd to pay part of their losses. They also need to prove that Douglas Pity Ltd h as breached their duty of care to them. Sub Issue 2. 3 and 2. 4: When everything was ready Frank said that they could not sign the contract unless Black gave them advice to sign it. Black, a professional accountant indicated them to do so.Therefore, Brown & Co is not liable for Frank and Bellini's damage, but Black is, because Black has breached his duty of care to Frank and Beeline. CONCLUSION Under the tort of negligence, both Douglas Pity Ltd and Black are liable for Frank and Bellini's losses. Frank and Beeline can sue them and if they can prove that Douglas and Black had given negligent misstatement about profitability of the motel business. For instance, Frank and Beeline need to provide evidence that Black had given unachievable occupancy rate of the motel. However, Frank and Beeline cannot themselves and they were not entirely relying upon Blacks advice.For example, Frank and Beeline didn't enquire Black whether the occupancy rates given by him was practical or not. Overall, the chance of successfully getting remedies from Black is the largest, while there is also a reasonable chance to win the case against Douglas Pity Ltd. Frank and Beeline can expect to recover $ 15000 from Douglas Pity Ltd, $ 25000 from Black, but the remaining part of their loss, approximately $ 35000 are their own liabilities. By the way, it would be very difficult for Frank and Beeline to receive any remedy from Marie and Brown & Co even if they chose to sue them.

What Is the Least Squares Regression Line

A scatterplot is a type of graph that is used to represent paired data. The explanatory variable is plotted along the horizontal axis and the response variable is graphed along the vertical axis. One reason for using this type of graph is to look for relationships between the variables.​​ The most basic pattern to look for in a set of paired data is that of a straight line. Through any two points, we can draw a straight line. If there are more than two points in our scatterplot, most of the time we will no longer be able to draw a line that goes through every point. Instead, we will draw a line that passes through the midst of the points and displays the overall linear trend of the data. As we look at the points in our graph and wish to draw a line through these points, a question arises. Which line should we draw? There is an infinite number of lines that could be drawn. By using our eyes alone, it is clear that each person looking at the scatterplot could produce a slightly different line. This ambiguity is a problem. We want to have a well-defined way for everyone to obtain the same line. The goal is to have a mathematically precise description of which line should be drawn. The least squares regression line is one such line through our data points. Least Squares The name of the least squares line explains what it does. We start with a collection of points with coordinates given by (xi, yi). Any straight line will pass among these points and will either go above or below each of these. We can calculate the distances from these points to the line by choosing a value of x and then subtracting the observed y coordinate that corresponds to this x from the y coordinate of our line. Different lines through the same set of points would give a different set of distances. We want these distances to be as small as we can make them. But there is a problem. Since our distances can be either positive or negative, the sum total of all these distances will cancel each other out. The sum of distances will always equal zero. The solution to this problem is to eliminate all of the negative numbers by squaring the distances between the points and the line. This gives a collection of nonnegative numbers. The goal we had of finding a line of best fit is the same as making the sum of these squared distances as small as possible. Calculus comes to the rescue here. The process of differentiation in calculus makes it possible to minimize the sum of the squared distances from a given line. This explains the phrase â€Å"least squares† in our name for this line. Line of Best Fit Since the least squares line minimizes the squared distances between the line and our points, we can think of this line as the one that best fits our data. This is why the least squares line is also known as the line of best fit. Of all of the possible lines that could be drawn, the least squares line is closest to the set of data as a whole. This may mean that our line will miss hitting any of the points in our set of data. Features of the Least Squares Line There are a few features that every least squares line possesses. The first item of interest deals with the slope of our line. The slope has a connection to the correlation coefficient of our data. In fact, the slope of the line is equal to r(sy/sx). Here s x denotes the standard deviation of the x coordinates and s y the standard deviation of the y coordinates of our data. The sign of the correlation coefficient is directly related to the sign of the slope of our least squares line. Another feature of the least squares line concerns a point that it passes through. While the y intercept of a least squares line may not be interesting from a statistical standpoint, there is one point that is. Every least squares line passes through the middle point of the data. This middle point has an x coordinate that is the mean of the x values and a y coordinate that is the mean of the y values.

Commonly Confused Words Baited and Bated

The words baited and bated are homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings. Definitions Baited is the past form of the verb bait, which means to tease, harass, or put food (or bait) in a trap. A hook, witness, or animal is baited (lured, enticed, tempted). The word bated is a clipped form of the past tense of the verb abate, which means to reduce or restrain. Breath is bated. Also see the usage notes below. Examples It’s always easiest to catch birds with baited traps at times of the year when there is little food available.To those waiting with bated breath for that favorite media catch phrase, the U-turn, I have only one thing to say: You turn if you want to—the ladys not for turning.(British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, 1980) Usage Notes The word baited is sometimes incorrectly substituted for the etymologically correct but unfamiliar word bated (abated; suspended) in the expression bated breath.(The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed., 2000)Whats the basis of bated, which we never hear in the present tense? It is a clip of abate, from the Old French abattre, to beat down, and now it means to moderate, subside, reduce, ebb. In connection with breathing, it means shorten or hold. When you abate your breath, you hold it in anticipation of some breathtaking event.The coiner was Shakespeare in his 1596 Merchant of Venice, in which Shylock says to Antonio, Shall I bend low and in a bondmans key,/With bated breath and whispering humbleness,/Say this:/Fair sir, you spit on me on Wednesday last?(William Safire, Bated Breath. The New York Times, May 5, 2002) Practice (a) Im hoping with crossed fingers and _____ breath that gas prices will soon go down.(b)  Holding a  line with a _____ hook,  I stood on rocks in the waist-deep water. Answers to Practice Exercises Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words200 Homonyms, Homophones, and Homographs​ Answers to Practice Exercises: Baited and Bated (a) Im hoping with crossed fingers and bated breath that gas prices will soon go down.(b)  Holding a  line with a baited hook,  I stood on rocks in the  waist-deep water. Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

American Holocaust American History - 1426 Words

AMERICAN HOLOCAUST The other side of the story to our great American history is not as pretty as they teach us in grade school. The American Holocaust by David Stannard is a novel full of live excerpts from eyewitnesses to the genocide of the American Indians. He goes as far as to describe what life was most likely like before Europeans came to the Americas and obliterated the Paradise so described. Columbus even wrote how beautiful the places were in which he committed acts against the Natives so horrific, it was hard to read about, let alone talk about. The Natives were so innocent and naive, that when Columbus would show them his sword they would grab the end and in effect slice open their hand. These people had no chance of†¦show more content†¦The graphic descriptions in which Stannard writes about throughout his whole book is not for the gentle stomachs. The atrocities committed by the various Europeans are anything but pure disgusting. I must say this was one of the hardest books to read. Reading is different then just a movie, because the imagery depends on your mind and how twisted one can picture these events taking place. The fact that our human mind can even imagine these horrifying images makes me sick as well. However, I do not feel that his book would have been as powerful if he hadnt set out to shock the reader with these various accounts. When he started out by describing was what happening in Europe before they even traveled here, that was startling. When he described the disease that spread and how many people lived in those conditions, it is no wonder that most of these people were not right in the head. On the other hand, when arriving at a new place, if the towns people open their arms and homes to you and welcome you into their lives, you do not kill them for it. No normal human being wakes up and says, Lets see how many babies I can feed to the dogs today. When he describes the various similarities between the Jewish Holocaust and the American Holocaust, there are some, except the numbers and weapons were different. Stannard even mentions how Hitler often praised the efficiency in which AmericansShow MoreRelatedHistory, Gender, Racial, And Cultural Heritage Of The American Nation State During The Holocaust1332 Words   |  6 PagesLife would be meaningless without culture. Throughout history, men and women have bonded through commonalities such as race, gender, or cultural heritage. These communities have become stronger over time through reification, or self-identification through historically and socially constructed identities. From an honor-kinship community in Rwanda to the modern nation-state during the Holocaust, both display patterns of racialized identity, formed by analyzing the meaning of reification through dehumanizationRead MoreThe Teacher Will Ask The Students981 Words   |  4 Pages A. Hook/Launch: Estimated Time = 5-10 1. The teacher will begin by telling students that February is Black History Month. The teacher will explain that there are a variety of â€Å"heritage months†: Irish-American, Jewish, Puerto Rican, Women’s, etc. The teacher will ask the students â€Å"Why is it important to have these observances?† The expected response is that it provides cultural diversity. 2. The teacher will ask â€Å"Why is it important to know about other culture?† The teacher will bring up the conceptRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Case For Reparations 806 Words   |  4 PagesTa-Nehisi Coates, the author examined African American history as it relates to slavery and oppression. The article discussed slavery experiences, unjust laws, current issues, and reparation ideas. Coates (2014) examined past events that occurred to prevent African Americans from being equal to whites. According to Coates (2014) African Americans were vulnerable because they did not have protection from law. The article discussed how African Americans suffered many loses due to whites such as votingRead MoreThe Carnage Of The Indians1575 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Indeed, so bombarded are most Americans with the unexamined ideology of â€Å"worthy† and â€Å"unworthy† victims . . .† (26) Genocides, such as that of the Amerindians, show this grotesque train of thought in human beings. The dehumanization and murder of the Native Americans was nothing more than an action made by the Europeans to show their superiority they believed they possessed. Throughout history, this behavior can be seen in many tyrannical communities, such as those that ruled over the â€Å"ArmeniansRead MoreDebate on Columbus Day Essay918 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult history, yet still turning that eye away from a history with a side to be celebrated. I instead ask of you to celebrate Columbus Day, learn the full history, including the wrong doings of Columbus and his crew, and celebrate the good change brought about by this event that ultimately led to the lifestyle you lead today. If the wrongs of every event in history were to be scrutinized would we have a history left to celebrate? Think of the reasons why we celebrate a moment in history, and thenRead MoreThe Teaching Of Native American History And The Colonization Of America1406 Words   |  6 Pages The teaching of Native American history and the colonization of America is often misconstrued, with the complete, and â€Å"actual†, story almost always being concealed behind the bare minimum of historical evidence. For a country more concerned with impartialness now than ever, the truth about past relations with Native Americans should be a key component in the education of students across the nation. The realization and acceptance of this nation’s disreputable past involving indigenous people, thoughRead MoreInfluence of Disease in Depopulation of Native Americans567 Words   |  2 Pages I believe disease was a key factor if not the primary factor in the depopulation of Native Americans in the Americas. Throughout time, there has always been inequality during the evolution of humanity. Over the course of evolution, different cultures as well as races have progressed more rapidly and at a stronger rate than others have. The depopulation of Native Americans happened because Europeans had better and more efficient supplies as well as immunities to the diseases that they brought overRead MoreNever to forget1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe book I read was Never To Forget The Jews of the Holocaust by Milton Meltzer. The book is written by Meltzer’s true story of the. It tells the story of when over five million Jewish people were massacred. The book has no characters. From beginning to end the book takes place in Germany. It only tells the straight forward account of the Jewish Holocaust. He writes the story in an interesting view point because he is an old American Jew, watching events of the war from newspapers and radios. WritingRead MoreComparing American Slavery and the Holocaust994 Words   |  4 Pagesessay is to compare and contrast the American Slavery and the Holocaust, in terms of which one was more malevolent than the other. Research indicates that â€Å"the â€Å"competition† between African-American and Jews has served to trivialize the malevolence which both has suffered† (Newton, 1999). According to L. Thomas â€Å"A separate issue that contributes to the tension between blacks and Jews refer to to the role that Jews played in the American Slave trade.† History Around 1600 (C.E), the United StatesRead MoreThe Holocaust and the European Removal of Native Americans851 Words   |  3 PagesGenocide has been present for thousands of years and has reappeared multiple times throughout global history. The Holocaust and the European removal of the Native Americans are both considered to be genocides. The Holocaust was a mass murdering of people due to discrimination. The victims were those who did not fit what the German leader of the Nazis thought to be the â€Å"an adequate human being.† The victims of Hitler’s brutality included anyone who was or looked Jewish, the Roma, people with disabilities

Living Sustainability Is Important Aspect †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How To Living Sustainability Is an Important Aspect? Answer: Introduction Living sustainability is an important aspect because it improves the sustenance of human beings. Failing to consider living sustainability, the population n earth will exhaust the natural resources in the society while the remaining natural resources will not sustain the population. Living sustainability is the process of trying to reduce the rate at which the individuals on the earths service use the natural resources to ensure they are enough. Various aspects of sustainability include housing, food, energy, and water. The purpose of this paper is to discuss two aspects of living sustainability which are food and water. Food sustainability Food sustainability is the process of producing food products that meet the needs and expectations of the growing population. In other words, food sustainability is the process of processing food considering the population and ensures that the food provides social benefit to the users. In the first place, we need to understand the factors that drive food system in any economy. The first one is global trends in the population and affluence (Tim et al. 2013). As the global population increases, the demand for the food products increases and it is the responsibility of the governments to put in place strategies that can improve food production to meet the demand in the market. The global population is expected to grow to 20 billion people by 2020 meaning that food production must increase to satisfy the demand. Another factor that influences the food system is changes in dietary requirements. In the last decades, there has been debate regarding the sustainable food production systems. Most of the European citizens consumed too much energy foods such a taking too many calories and leaving the consumption of healthy foods. This has led to unsustainable food products (Constance 2010). The levels of technology affect the food production system. The traditional food manufacturing system produced little foods because they used traditional farming methods. However, as the technology, as developed, the food production has increased, and this improves the ability to manufacture food that meets the demand in the market. Food wastage is another important factor that determines food sustainability (Anderson 2012). Research shows that almost a half of the food produced globally goes to waste. Hence it does not meet the needs of the global population. There are various strategies that can be used to ensure food sustainability. The first strategy is to employ smart farming. This is the technique where the various individuals and firms use appropriate techniques to improve food production. The limitations that affect food production include water limitation and excessive use of fertilizers (Yang 2013). Employing smart farming is the best strategy to use in improving food production to meet the demand because of the growing population. For instance, the farmers can use irrigation schemes to boost the yields. In this way, there will be increased food production thus sustaining the needs of the population. It is necessary to use modern farming technologies that minimize food intake while increasing food production. As the technology develops in the global context, it is important for the farmers to use the most recent technology to produce the food as this increases food production against the consumption. For instance, technology is used to introduce genetically modified food products with the aim of increasing food production to meet the growing demand. Furthermore, using genetically modified foods introduces the concept of producing food in a short duration (Warner 2015). For instance, they can take three months to harvest instead of taking six months. In this way, it is possible to increase the food production rate thus improving sustainability in the market. The governments should also consider devising strategies that can reduce food wastage. Research shows that almost a half of the manufactured foods is used wasted which could otherwise be stored for future consumption (Adeola 2014). The shortage in food production is associated with the waste of the foods. Preserving the foods is necessary because it helps to ensure sustainability despite the growing population. When there is excess food production, the surplus is stored for future consumption when there is a shortage like during drought, and this improves the ability to meet the demand regarding food production (European Commission 2016). Also, the government and private agencies should work together to protect soil from degradation by encouraging sustainable farming methods. Water sustainability Water is a critical component that supports all aspects of life. Without water, there will be no life, and this means that the world has come to an end. Therefore, it is important to practice strategies that ensure water sustainability to support life in all ways. However, in the recent years, access to adequate water has been a major problem (Balkema et al. 2012). The first issue causing the water problems is its failure to meet the basic needs to human beings and plants. The institutions developed to manage water issues are inappropriate, or they are not doing their jobs well. Also, the world has not managed to balance basic human needs and the limited resources in the world. These loopholes have led to water wastage leading to a lack of sustainability. The United Nations has policies that guide water conservation and usage internationally. Its goal is to ensure sustainable water for all people. In this regard, the United Nations has put in place measures to improve access to clean and safe drinking water by all people, especially in the developing countries. In this way, it helps to improve the sustainability and health status of the people (Legge 2010). The sustainability program of the plan is to increase sharing of water and provide social benefits to the people. However, the biggest hindrance of the strategies includes lack of appropriate systems in the developing countries to improve water usage. The sustainability policies are not implemented successfully in various countries leading to water wastage. On the other hand, we need to understand the main sectors that consume water affecting the sustainability. The first sector is Agriculture which is the largest consumer of the water. It consumes about 70% of the water withdrawals implying that if the appropriate techniques are used in arming, it is possible to preserve water effectively (Loucks 2014). Another sector is industry and energy, and they account for about 20% of the demand water while the domestic use demands about 10%. From this information, one can identify the areas to improve so as to reduce water wastage and promote sustainability. In this regard, the first innovation that can be used to promote sustainable water usage is developing digital meters that help to measure every drop of water households and industries use. When individuals realize that they are paying a lot of financial resources they can take individual measures to reduce the consumption of water thus improving water sustainability (Horbulyk 2010). Another innovation to put in place is to ensure that waste water is recycled. Recycling the water is very crucial because it makes sure that the water is not wasted and this improves the sustainability of various business operations. For instance, the industries should develop strategies to recycle the water so that it can be used for other uses. Currently, most of the water is wasted because it is not recycled and it goes to waste. The demand for water is increasing while the supply remains constant and this affects its sustainability. Furthermore, the industries should comply with regulatory measures that protect the river ways. The environmental organizations should make sure that the factories dispose their waste products safely not into the streams because this can affect water recycling (Katz 2013). They should treat and dispose of their pollutants effectively so that they do not affect the water streams and rivers as this will affect the aquatic ecosystems. Most importantly, it is essential to engage in research to identify the best ways to remove pollutants and wastes from the waters in the process of recycling. This enhances water usage thus promoting sustainability. In this effect, most scholars argue that living sustainability takes various forms. The demands of the society are changing and it requires the efforts of different stakeholders to engage in ethical practices so that they can utilize the natural resources effectively (Horbulyk 2010). One of the points to identify from these cases is that recycling is and effective use of the resources is the main components that influence sustenance of natural resources. Every individual should behave ethically to use the natural resources rationally. Conclusion Living sustainability involves all the activities that improve sage of natural resources to meet the needs and expectations of the people. The aspects of living sustenance include water, housing, food, and energy. It is the responsibility of every individual to develop measures that reduce wastage of the natural resources so as to meet the needs of the growing population. For instance, businesses and individuals should introduce new techniques that can improve food production like using genetically modified organisms while water recycling is used to reuse water thus reducing waste and this promotes water sustainability. References Adeola, F 2014, Cross-national Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Issues: A Review of Evidence in the Developing World.The American Behavioral ScientistVol. 43, No. 4, pp. 686-706. Anderson, M 2012, Rights-based food systems and the goals of food systems reform. Agriculture and Human Values, Vo. 25, No. 4, pp. 593-608. Balkema, A.J. Preisig, R. Otterpohl, D. Lambert, D 2012, Indicators for sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment systems, in Urban Water, Vol. 4, H.2, S. 153 161. Constance, D 2010, Sustainable Agriculture in the United States: A Critical Examination of a Contested Process. Sustainability, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 48-72. European Commission 2016, Sustainable Food. Retrieved on 11th May 2017 from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/eussd/food.htm Horbulyk, T 2010, Water Pricing: AN Option for Improving Water Management in Alberta Edmonton: Alberta Water Research Institute. Katz, D 2013, Cash Flows: Market for Environmental Flow Allocations in Water Trading and Global Water Scarcity. New York: RFF Press. Legge, D 2010, The Sustainability of the Water Industry in a Regulated Environment, in Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 12, No. 1, S. 3- 19. Loucks, D 2014, Sustainable Water Resources Management, in Water International, Vol. 25, No. 1, S. 3-10. Tim, S. Craig, H. Janet, R. Brian, L. Richard, W. Robert, W. Ayesha, D and Ralph, H 2013, Creating a Sustainable Food Future: Interim Findings. Retrieved on 11th May 2017 from https://www.wri.org/publication/creating-sustainable-food-future-interim-findings Warner, K 2015, Linking Local Sustainability Initiatives with Environmental Justice. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 35-47. Yang, T 2013, Of Borders, Fences, and Global Environmentalism. Chicago Journal of International Law Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 237-244.